AP period 2

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25 Terms

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Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607 in Virginia

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Jamestown Massacre

1622 attack by Powhatan Confederacy on English settlers, leading to increased tensions

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John Rolfe/Tobacco

Introduced tobacco cultivation to Jamestown, making it economically successful

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Halfway Covenant

A Puritan church policy allowing partial church membership for children of baptized but unconverted members

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John Winthrop

Leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony; promoted the idea of a “city upon a hill” as a model Christian society

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Headright System

A land grant system that encouraged colonization by giving settlers land for bringing indentured servants

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Roger Williams

Founder of Rhode Island; advocated for religious freedom and separation of church and state

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Middle Passage

The transatlantic voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas under brutal conditions

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Triangular Trade

A trade system linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving goods, enslaved people, and raw materials

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Chattel Slavery

A system where enslaved people were treated as personal property to be bought and sold permanently

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Great Awakening

A religious revival movement in the colonies emphasizing individual piety and emotional worship

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Mayflower Compact

A 1620 agreement for self-government established by the Pilgrims at Plymouth Colony

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House of Burgesses

The first representative legislative assembly in the American colonies, established in Virginia

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Mercantilism

An economic theory that colonies exist to benefit the mother country by providing raw materials and markets

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Bacon’s Rebellion

1676 uprising of Virginia settlers against colonial governor William Berkeley over Native policy and governance

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Metacom/Metacom’s War

Also known as King Philip’s War, a 1675-76 conflict between New England colonists and Native Americans

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Salutary Neglect

British policy of allowing colonial self-government and lax enforcement of trade laws

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Yamasee Uprising

1715 Native American rebellion in South Carolina against colonial expansion and slavery practices

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Enclosure Movement

British process of consolidating farmland, which displaced many peasants and encouraged migration to colonies

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Seven Years’ War

Global conflict (French and Indian War in North America) that reshaped colonial territories

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Roanoke

The “Lost Colony,” an early English settlement in North Carolina that mysteriously disappeared

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French & Indian War

Part of the Seven Years’ War; conflict between Britain and France for control of North America

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Writs of Assistance

General search warrants used by British to enforce trade laws and combat smuggling in the colonies

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Staple crops

Crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo grown primarily for export and economic profit in the colonies

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Pequot War

1636-38 conflict between New England settlers and Pequot tribe, resulting in Pequot defeat and land loss