Introduction to Electrode Selection

Why is careful consideration of electrode types, placements, and configurations important in electrical stimulation therapy?

It is crucial for the success of the therapy.

What are the common types of electrodes used in electrotherapy?

Carbon and sponge reusable electrodes, self-stick adhesive reusable or disposable electrodes, probes (neuroprobe, microcurrent probe).

What should patients have to avoid sanitary issues with electrodes?

Their own set of electrodes.

What is the purpose of inspecting electrodes before and after use?

To prevent adverse events and improve effectiveness.

What are indicators that electrodes may need replacement?

Altered stimulus quality reported by the patient or decreased physiological response observed by the clinician.

What factors determine electrode placement for electrical stimulation?

Target tissue and therapeutic goals.

How can maximal stimulation points be located?

Using charts outlining motor points, trigger points, dermatomes, and by employing probes.

What knowledge should be applied for optimal electrode placement?

Understanding dermatomes, myotomes, peripheral nerve distribution patterns, motor points, trigger points, and acupuncture points.

What are standard charts utilized for in electrotherapy?

For treating pain related to specific dermatomes, myotomes, or peripheral nerve patterns.

What is an example of bilateral electrode configuration for neck pain?

Channel 1 electrodes placed for bilateral neck pain at the cervical level.

What is a crossed electrode configuration used for?

Commonly employed in various treated areas and is the only option for Interferential Current (IFC) delivery.

What characterizes the bracketed method of electrode configuration?

Channel electrodes are placed over areas of similar stimulation and areas of different stimulation to avoid uneven sensation.

What does unilateral/linear electrode placement involve?

One channel of electrodes placed on one side, while another follows a continuous path along the body.

What potential issue arises with placing electrodes for wrist extensors too far apart?

It might stimulate wrist flexors instead, causing unintended wrist flexion.

How does electrode size relate to current density?

Greater current density occurs under a smaller electrode while maintaining the same current amount.

What rule should be followed regarding electrode size in relation to treatment area?

Larger treatment areas require larger electrode sizes for appropriate current density.

How does electrode distance affect current travel?

Closer electrodes result in superficial current travel, while further apart electrodes penetrate deeper tissues.

What are the two poles necessary in an electrical circuit?

Anode and cathode.

What is defined as the electrode with a higher concentration of negative ions?

Cathode.

What is the active electrode in a monopolar configuration?

The electrode placed on or over the target tissue.

What is the purpose of the inactive electrode in a monopolar configuration?

To be placed on or over a nearby non-treatment area.

What is the primary use of a monopolar configuration?

Pain modulation, iontophoresis, and tissue healing.

How does a bipolar electrode configuration differ from a monopolar one?

It has both electrodes on or over the target tissues, rather than one being inactive.

What are the common applications of a bipolar electrode configuration?

Pain modulation and muscle contractions.

What is the defining feature of a quadripolar electrode configuration?

It involves two circuits and four electrodes on or over the target tissues.

What are quadripolar configurations commonly used for?

Pain modulation, including TENS and Interferential Current applications.