3.21,3.22 and 3.23- Human Genome Project, Genetic Variation and Mutation affecting Phenotype

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4 Terms

1
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What does genome mean?

  • All the DNA in an organism.

2
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What is the Human Genome Project?

  • It is a collaboration between scientists to decode the human genome.

  • The project was completed quickly because so many scientists worked on it simultaneously.

3
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What are the advantages of the Human Genome Project?

  • Alerting people that they are at particular risk of certain diseases. The person may be able to make lifestyle changes to reduce the chances of the disease developing.

  • Distinguishing between different forms of diseases such as leukaemia and Alzheimer’s disease, as some drugs are beneficial to some forms of these diseases but not others.

  • Allowing doctors to tailor treatments for some diseases to the individual, where specific alleles affect how a person will respond to treatment.

4
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What are the disadvantages of the Human Genome Project?

  • People who are at risk of certain diseases e.g. cancer may have to pay more for life insurance.

  • It may not be helpful to tell someone they are at risk of a condition with no cure.