US History and Civics: Key Concepts from Colonial to Reconstruction Era

"We shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us."

Who made this statement and what colony did he help establish?

John Winthrop; Massachusetts Bay Colony

Bill of Rights

It reassured the people that individual liberties would be protected

Which expressed feature of the US Constitution best demonstrates an attempt to prevent the abuse of power?

Separation of powers among three branches

Which list correctly places these events in chronological order?

i. Declaration of Independence ii. Constitution iii. Compromise of 1850 iv. Emancipation Proclamation

i, ii, iii, iv

George Washington warned future leaders of what dangers in his Farewell Address?

Political parties and foreign entanglements

Which document opens with the phrase "We the People"?

Constitution

Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

The political philosophy most reflected in the Declaration of Independence is

Enlightenment thought

Which group immigrated in large numbers to the US in the early to mid-1800s?

Irish

Most workers at the Lowell textile mills were

Young, unmarried women from rural areas

Which individual was primarily associated with education reform?

Horace Mann

What was the main goal of the Seneca Falls Convention

Women's suffrage and legal equality

Which reformer was a formerly enslaved person and powerful abolitionist speaker?

Frederick Douglass

Which statement best describes nativists in the mid-19th century?

White Protestants opposed to Catholic immigration

Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin had its greatest impact by:

It helped to turn Northern public opinion against slavery

Which president most strongly supported Indian Removal?

Andrew Jackson

Which transportation developments most improved east-west trade before railroads?

Canals, rivers, and roads

The Mexican-American War began in which disputed region?

Disputed Texas and adjacent territory

Which territory gained after the Mexican-American War became a major issue in the Compromise of 1850?

Oregon

John O'Sullivan argued that westward expansion was justified by

Manifest Destiny

The Middle Passage refers to

The forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic

What effect did the cotton gin have on slavery?

Increased demand for enslaved labor

Which event did NOT contribute to the outbreak of the Civil War?

Emancipation Proclamation

The Emancipation Proclamation

Applied only to Confederate territory, freeing nobody new in the Union

Who was elected president of the Confederacy?

Jefferson Davis

What issue did both the Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850 attempt to resolve?

Numerical balance between free and slave states

Why did Southern states claim they had the right to secede?

Lincoln abolished slavery

Which side held advantages in population, industry, and transportation?

Union

The Kansas-Nebraska Act resulted in:

Violence between pro- and anti-slavery settlers

Which general led the Union's strategy of total war?

William T. Sherman

Black Codes were designed to

restrict the freedom of African Americans

What services did the Freedmen's Bureau provide?

Education, food, and legal assistance

A primary goal of Radical Republicans was to

Secure rights for formerly enslaved people through federal power

Which event effectively ended Reconstruction?

Compromise of 1877

The 13th Amendment

abolished slavery except as punishment for a crime

The main purpose of a labor union is to

Bargain collectively for workers

How did mass immigration affect wages in the late 19th century?

Increased competition, keeping wages low

Which belief argued that the poor should not be helped because it weakened society?

social Darwinism

Under the Sherman Antitrust Act, a monopoly is best defined as

A firm with dominant market share that can raise prices without losing customers