NEONATE QUIZZES

Which of the following are part of the Conducting Airway System?

1. Lobar Bronchi

2. Alveolar Duct

3. Segmental Bronchi

4. Respiratory Bronchioles

5. Terminal Bronchioles

1,3 and 5

An incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an abnormally low number or size of bronchopulmonary segments or alveoli is defined as: 

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Type I and II epithelial cells form during which stage of lung development?

Canalicular

Terminal bronchioles will be formed during the:

Pseudoglandular stage

Which of the following lung segments are located in the right lower lobe?

• I. Apical-Posterior Segment

• II. Anterior-Medial Basal Segment

• III. Superior Segment

• IV. Superior Lingula Segment

• V. Inferior Lingula Segment

• VI. Lateral Basal Segment

• VII. Anterior Segment

• VIII. Posterior Basal Segment

III, VI, VIII

According to the textbook, about_________ of the eventual total number of alveoli form after birth.

80%

How much fetal lung liquid is secreted per day by the fetal lungs?

250mL

The lung bud emerges from which of the following?

pharynx

The fetal blood in the umbilical vein is shunted to the inferior vena cava through the

ductus venosus

Nearly 50% of the blood that enters the main pulmonary artery will travel to the fetuses lungs.

True or False

False

You are caring for a 32-week newborn in the NICU. The baby is showing persistent cyanosis in the feet, legs, and abdomen. Despite supplemental oxygen, the baby is still cyanotic. The physician ordered pulse oximetry of the right hand and left foot, which revealed saturations of 96% and 75%, respectively. Which of the following is likely causing the different saturations and cyanosis?

patent ductus arteriosus

Normal circulatory changes occurring during the transition to extra-uterine life include which of the following?

1. A decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance

2. A decrease in systemic vascular resistance

3. A decrease in pulmonary artery pressure

4. An increase in left ventricular pressure

5. An increase in pulmonary blood

1, 3. 4, 5

According to the textbook, what percentage of fetal pulmonary arterial blood reaches the lungs?

13-25%

Once fully closed, the ductus arteriosus will be referred to as the ligamentum arteriosum

true or false

true

Which organ is the first to be completely formed?

heart

Which of the following will deliver blood directly to the left atrium?

pulmonary veins

Which of the following can cause a lower oxygen saturation in the right arm versus the left foot?

patent ductus arteriosus

Which heart valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

tricuspid valve

What is considered an acceptable score for the APGAR at 5 minutes?

7

After delivery, the infant should be positioned on a flat surface with the

neck slightly flexed

According to the textbook, which of the following is not an acceptable respiratory rate for an awake 18 month old?

55 bpm

Stertor is a low-pitched, wet sound similar to snoring and suggests nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal obstruction.

true or false

true

Periodic breathing, a common finding among premature infants, is characterized by an irregular pattern of intermittent respiratory pauses longer than:

5 seconds

What type of percussion sound occurs with a pneumothorax?

hyperresonant

What type of percussion sound occurs with a hemothorax?

dull

A Silverman score of 7 or higher is bad.

True or false

True

A neonate is found to have a bounding pulse. Which of the following conditions may contribute to this finding?

Left to right shunt

Which of the following parameters of the Apgar score provides the most important prognostic value?

Heart Rate

The Walsh textbook states airway cuff pressures exceeding ________ are associated with damage to the tracheal mucosa.

20-25 cmH20

Which of the following is considered to be true of nasotracheal tubes?

1. More difficult to secure than oral ETTs

2. Predisposition to sinusitis

3. Pressure necrosis of the nares

4. Increased bleeding complications

• 2

• 3

• 4

What size endotracheal tube is recommended for a 800 gram infant?

2.5 mm

Any single attempt at intubation should not exceed 30 seconds.

True or false

True

What is the primary purpose of the Murphy eye on an endotracheal tube?

Allow gas flow if the distal tip is occluded

ETT insertion depth (in centimeters) for a premature infant can be estimated using which of the following formulas?

infants weight in Kg plus 6 cm

When considering NRP guidelines, the targeted preductal oxygen saturation range for a newborn 5 minutes after birth is:

80-85%

When considering NRP guidelines, the targeted preductal oxygen saturation range for a newborn 3 minutes after birth is:

70-75%

Which of the following has the whiter appearance on CXR?

Metal

A steeple sign appearing on the frontal neck CXR indicates the presence of:

croup

The interstitium is the space within the lungs that includes alveolar walls, interlobular septa, and connective tissue around bronchovascular structures.

True or false

True

A consolidation is defined as:

replacement of air with a substance of increased density

Which CXR view places the film against the patient's chest?

Posterior-Anterior

When two structures lose their distinct edge it is called a(n)

silhouette sign

A pediatric patient with pneumonia has an infiltrate in the lower half of the right lung. The right heart border is obliterated. In which lobe(s) of the right lung is the infiltrate located?

Right middle lobe

While viewing the chest X-ray of an 18-month-old boy, a therapist notices that the trachea is truncated and that the right lung is collapsed. Which of the following situations or conditions may have caused this situation?

A mucous plug in the right mainstem bronchus

The lateral decubitus view is a frontal radiographic projection whereby the downside can be evaluated for the presence of

pleural effusion

Which of the following is the type of X-ray projection obtained when the radiographic plate is placed behind the patient’s back with the X-ray tube placed in front of the patient’s chest?

Anteroposterior view

Arterial Umbilical Cord Blood Sample

pH: 7.21-7.35

PCO2: 43-63

O2:12-30

Venous Umbilical Cord Blood Sample

pH: 7.28- 7.40

PCO2: 34-48

PO2: 22-36

Following arterial puncture, pressure should be held for _______ if the patient is receiving heparin therapy.

> 5 mins

The umbilical cord artery has a lower oxygen level compared to the umbilical cord vein because it carries deoxygenated blood back to the placenta.

True or False

True

Fetal hemoglobin accounts for approximately _______ of the hemoglobin in the full-term infant. 

85%

What is the purpose of warming the site prior to capillary puncture?

it will increase blood flow to the site

Which of the following is an acceptable location for capillary sampling on a newborn?

posterolateral aspect of the foot

CBG sampling should be performed when assessment of oxygenation is necessary.

True or False

False

The Allen test can also be used to verify collateral circulation when sampling from all the following, except: 

brachial artery

Which of the following arteries is considered the optimal puncture site for obtaining arterial blood samples from a pediatric patients?

Radial artery

How would tricuspid stenosis be expected to influence a patient’s CVP value?

Elevate it above normal