Ways of Classifying Matter

Pure Substance

Contains only one kind of matter. It has a uniform and definite composition. Cannot be separated by physical means.

Elements

Are pure substances made of only one type of atom. Cannot be broken down.

Metals

Occupies the largest portion of the periodic table on the left and center. Characterized by their luster, high malleability, and ductility, and they serve as excellent conductors of heat and electricity due to their ability to lose electrons to form positive ions.

Metalloids

Found along the "staircase" boundary and possess intermediate properties, most notably their role as semiconductors, which allows them to conduct electricity

Non-Metal

Located on the far right side of the periodic table; they exist in various physical states as gases, liquids, or brittle solids, and are defined by their dull appearance and poor conductivity.

Compounds

Are pure substances made of two or more different elements chemically combined. Can be broken down into elements.

Acid

A substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, typically characterized by a sour taste and the ability to turn blue litmus paper red.

Bases

Produces hydroxide ions in solution, often has a bitter taste and a slippery feel, and turns red litmus paper blue.

Salts

An ionic compound formed from the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base, consisting of positive and negative ions.

Mixture

Contains two or more pure substances physically combined. Components keep their own properties. Can be separated by physical means.

Homogenous

Have uniform composition throughout. Examples are salt dissolved in water, air, and brass alloy.

Heterogenous

Oil and water do not mix uniformly. Oil floats on top because it is less dense than water.