italian expansion

What was the rule of decree?-

* 1922
* The rule given to Mussolini for 1 year allowed him to pass laws without the parliament's/congress's approval
* Mussolini was placed into power the stabilize Italy (interim leader)
* This allowed him to create rules to what fit
* Supported by fascists and nationalists, hated by socialists and communists

What was the creation of the Grand Council of Fascism?

* December 1922
* Mussolini wanted a party where he would serve as a leader
* He felt threatened by the opposing fascist party Ras which had a more decentralized approach to fascism rather than a monolithic
* Mussolini combined squad armies of men to form his own private fascist army (national militia) under the Grand Council of Fascism

How did Mussolini gain support from the Church in 1923?

* Church was an extremely large body in Italy
* He promised to ban contraception, help with the struggling churches, and make religious education mandatory

How did Mussolini gain support from the confidrustia (businesses)?

* Banned price and rent controls
* Made sure tax evasion won't be investigated by the govt.

How did Mussolini increase parliamentary strength in 1923?

* Law of decree was ending so he had to have a majority of the votes in the parliament to pass his ideals
* Convinced the nationalists to join the fascist party
* More political support helped towards the pivotal Acerbo law

What was the Acerbo Law?

July 1923
* Mussolini proposed that the group with the most votes would have ⅔ of the Chamber of Deputies
* This would ensure overall control for the fascist party
* Justification is that numerous MPs agreed with it as it prevented weak government coalitions, thus it would ensure better decisions

What was the general election?

April 1924
* The Acerbo law allowed Mussolini to gain ⅔ of the parliament which was set up for the grand election
* Mussolini had 374 members of the parliament from his public popularity
* Mussolini continued to spread propaganda towards his fascist ideology
* He suppressed other political opinions from socialists and communists
* Fascist ideology was not prominent everywhere like Milan
Accused of ballot rigging

What was the murder of Mateoti about?

June 1924
* after the fascist party had won the election, socialist Mateoti declared it invalid for a potential rigging
* He was killed 11 days later
* Many parliament members walked out on a strike as they didn't want to work with a "brute"
* Some liberal fascists included
* Mussolini arrested the fascist murderer suspect but to combat the strikes for people who favoured mateoti he called the blackshirts to handle

What was the destruction of democracy?

* July 1924
* Protests and the press escalated
* He puts censorship on the press
* Bans political meetings for opposition parties
* The Ras threatens to replace him with another member
* Mussolini declared himself to have more personal power and this was done because he was vouched by the king, blackshirts and parliament

What measures did Mussolini impose on his first step as a "dictator"

* Banned trade unions
* Banned opposing political parties
* Kangaroo courts
* ORVA: Secret police
* Committee to reform constitution
* Press censorship was tightened.

What was the rule of decree II?

* Jan 1926
* Instead of consulting the parliament to pass laws, Mussolini did so without consulting
* He dissolved all opposing political parties
* Stripped the king's ability to appoint the PM
* Universal suffrage terminated

What were Mussolini's aims for Italy?

* Wanted italy to be great respected and feared
* Energy italians to be an agressive race
* Through immense violence and war, aggresive foriegn policy, built up military
* Power in the mediteranean, balkans, parts in africa

What was the corfu incident?

1923
* Italian official and 4 soldiers killed during border dispute (greek albanian border)
* Mussolini was furious
Demanded 50 million lira
Apology from greece
* Planned naval attack on the Island
LoN stepped in and Britain made Italy reluctantly agree to withdraw (got their 50 million lira)

What was the fiume question and pack of rome?

* 1924
* Adriatic port was given to Yugoslavia
65% italian descent
* Mussolini pressure the fiume in 1924
Proving that italy can be a military threat

What were the Locorno Treaties?

1925
* Pact signed by European powers
* Mainly to establish new borders between france and germany
* Italy signed as mussolini wanted to build up his reputation with Britian after the corfu incident

What was the treaty of friendship and situation with Albania?

1926
* Italy wanted to obtain control over albania for close ties with the balkans
* Did this through building up a relationship through interference of the Albanian economY
* HE trained their military
* Made albania a satellite state
Treaty of Tirana solidified relationships

What was the Kellog-brine pact?

* 1928
* Eradicated war-like practices to be a resort to resolve disputes
* Italy signed alongside 14 other countries
* Italy signed to build up relationship with britain
* Useless cause countries like Italy and germany still dived into war-like practices as the LoN couldn't do anything