Cells and Organelles

Cells and Organelles

Recall: Cell Theory

All living organisms are made of one or more cells.

The cell is the most basic organizational unit of life.

All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Why do we study cells?

Most diseases/disorders can be explained due to a default at the cellular level.

1.

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Lots of different cells! Muscle cells, hair cells, skin cells, liver cells, <- all part of eukaryotic organisms

But these are the main types!

bacteria are typically unicellular (one cell and they are very different) - you learn this in grade 11 biology :)

What do cells do?

Basic Cell Activities include:

Nutrient Intake

Movement

Growth

Responding to changing conditions

Gas exchange

Reproduction

Waste Removal

What is an organelle?

Structures that perform specific functions inside cells

What is inside a cell?

Tiny organelles!

Cell Organelles Review

Brought to you by the office!

Nucleus

Contains the genetic information (DNA) of the cell

Directs activities of the cell

Nuclear pores: control movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus

Like the CEO

Its like david wallace

Chromosomes

Are the genetic information of the cell

Found in Nucleus

*the files in the office

Nucleolus

Produces ribosomes for the endoplasmic reticulum

It's like the manager

Ribosomes are important for the cell

Organelle + Function

Ribosomes: found on surface of ER and some floating in cytoplasm

Responsible for protein synthesis (making proteins)

Like a chef or salesman

Making the money!!! (protein is very important for the cell)

Organelle + Function

Endoplasmic Reticulum:

Rough ER = has ribosomes, this is where protein synthesis takes place**

That's why it looks bumpy

Also transports proteins made to the Golgi

Like a waiter or secretary*

2. Smooth ER = has no ribosomes, makes lipids

Organelle + Function

Golgi Complex (apparatus):

Receive, modify and transports proteins produced by the ER

packages them into vesicles for secretion out of the cell

Packaging Department

Organelle + Function

Lysosomes:

Membrane bound, enzyme filled sacs, that allow for digestion

“Recycling centre” in cell

“Cleaners “

Cell Membrane

Packages the entire cell and acts as a gatekeeper, controlling what goes in and out of the cell

Like a security guard

Mitochondria

Provide energy to the cell by converting glucose (sugar) and oxygen into usable energy and release carbon dioxide.

Organelle + Function