MAGNETISM Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover the key concepts of magnetism, including definitions and characteristics of magnetic properties and types.

Magnetism

The force of attraction or repulsion between poles caused by the arrangement of electrons in an item.

Magnetic Poles

Regions at the ends of a magnet where the magnetic force is strongest; like poles repel and opposite poles attract.

Magnetic Field

The area around magnets where magnetic forces act, often illustrated with field lines showing direction from North to South.

Magnetic Domain

An area within magnetic material where all the atoms are aligned in the same direction.

Permanent Magnets

Materials whose magnetic domains are naturally aligned in the same direction.

Temporary Magnet

Materials that are not naturally magnetic but can be temporarily magnetized by forcing their atoms into alignment.

Electromagnet

A strong, temporary magnet formed when electric current passes through a coil of wire surrounding an iron core.

Solenoid

A temporary magnet created when current is passed through a coil of wire that does not surround an iron core; weaker than an electromagnet.

How do electrons contribute to magnetism?

Electrons generate a magnetic field due to their charge and motion; when electrons move, they create a magnetic field that can attract or repel other magnets.

What is the relationship between electrons and magnetic domains?

Magnetic domains are groups of atoms whose magnetic fields are aligned in the same direction; this alignment occurs because of the motion of electrons within those atoms.

How does the motion of electrons in a wire apply to everyday technology?

The flow of electrons in a wire generates a magnetic field, which is essential in devices like electromagnets used in cranes to lift heavy metal objects.

In what scenarios would the alignment of magnetic domains be practically observed, and what effect does it have?

When an iron nail is placed near a magnet, the magnetic domains within the nail align, demonstrating how materials can become magnetized and exhibit attraction to magnets.