Classical Period

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37 Terms

1

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

One of the Enlightenment thinkers, social reformer

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2

Voltaire

Enlightenment thinker

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3

Giovanni Battista Pergolesi

known for comic opera

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4

Giovanni Battista Sammartini

one of the composers in Milan that began to write the first concert symphonies

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5

Johann Stamitz

first symphony composer to use a 4 movement plan, his orchestra was known for dynamic range and effect

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6

Elector Palatine

His court was one of the most active musical centers in Europe

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7

Joseph Haydn

employment with Esterhazys, freedom to experiment, father of symphonies and string quartet, style was simple, motives with variations, uses humor

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8

Prince Paul Anton Esterhazy

Hungarian, employed Haydn

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9

W. A. Mozart

child prodigy, traveled, combined galant style with learned style, incorporated opera buffa and seria, gave orchestra greater importance, more feeling in pieces

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10

Archbishop Colloredo

Patron of Mozart

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11

Lorenzo da Ponte

librettist for Mozart’s operas

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12

Ludwig van Beethoven

combined style of Mozart and Haydn, piano virtuoso, incorporated drama and heroicism into music

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13

Prince Karl von Lichnowsky

Beethoven’s patron

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14

Prince Franz Joseph von Lobkowitz

Beethoven’s patron, hosted first performance of Eroica

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15

Prince Kinsky

Beethoven’s patron

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16

Archduke Rudolph

Beethoven’s patron

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17

Napoleon Bonaparte

French general during the French Revolution

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18

Galant style

courtly, short melodies, repeated phrases, accompaniment with simple harmony

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19

Learned style

baroque style, imitation and counterpoint

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20

period

2 or more phrases

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21

Schema

formulas used to compose

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22

Comic opera

funny opera

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23

simple recitative

accompanied by only harpsichord or basso

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24

Accompanied recitative

full orchestra accompaniment

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25

De capo aria

no developed musical motive

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26

Sinfonia

Italian opera overture

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27

Symphony

a work of 3 or 4 movements, homophonic, without division between orchestra and soloists

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28

Instrumental sonata

sonata written for a specific instrument

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29

Instrumental Concerto (solo)

solo instrument with orchestra

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30

Early sonata form

2 main sections, first section has 1 period (tonic to dominant), second section has 2 periods (starts with dominant, begins and ends in tonic)

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31

Late sonata form

3 part form: exposition (tonic to dominant), development (dominant and noodles), recapitulation (tonic)

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32

String quartet

written for amateurs, 2 violins, viola, and cello

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33

Alberti Bass

arpeggiated accompaniment of chords

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34

Sturm und Drang

storm and stress

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35

Ritornello form

theme repeats between contrasting sections

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36

Heiligenstadt Testament

discussed his deafness, its isolating effect, his contemplation of suicide, and his decision to continue on for the sake of his art

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37

Heroic style

what Beethoven used in his compositions, drama, Greek mythology

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