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what is a solution?
a solution is a mixture of solutes (dissolved substances) in a liquid called the solvent
how can ssolutes be separated from a solution?
by evaporating the solvent, which leaves the solutes behind. this is called crystallisation
what is the process of separating solutes from a solution called?
crystallisation
what happens if crystals form slowly during crystallisation?
the slower the crystals form, the larger they get, and they develop a more ordered structure
what is the purpose of using a filter in mixtures?
filters are used to separate mixtures by allowing smaller substances to pass through while blocking larger or insoluble particles
what are solutes in a solution?
solutes are the substances that dissolve in a solvent to form a solution
how is a flter funnel used in a lab?
a filter funnel is lined with filter paper that has fine holes, allowing the solvent to pass through while trapping insoluble substances, forming a filtrate
what is the filtrate in the filtration process?
the filtrate is the liquid that passes through the filter paper, containing the solvent and dissolved solutes
what is the residue in the filtration process?
the residue is the insoluble substances that are too large to pass through the filter paper and remain behind
why must you be careful not to overheat the solution during crystallisation?
overheating can cause hot crystals to spit out or lead to chemical changes in the crystals
what is a hazard in a risk assessment?
a hazard is something that could potentially cause harm during an experiment
how can the risk of spitting crystals during crystallisation be reduced?
risks can be reduced by wearing eye protection, removing the bunsen burner before solution is completely dry, or using steam to heat the evaporting basin gently
