AP HuG Unit 1 Vocabulary

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AP Human Geography Unit 1 (Thinking Geographically) Vocabulary Test

59 Terms

1

Map

A two-dimensional representation of Earth’s surface or a portion of it.

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2

Cartography

The science of making maps.

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3

Scale

The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.

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4

Projection

A system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a flat map.

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5

Mercator Projection

A projecton where longitutde and latitude is shown at right angles. It preserves the shape of the map but distorts the size massively.

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6

Peters Projection

A projection that preserves size but distorts shape.

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7

Robinson Projection

A projection that preserves the size and shape of continents but distorts polar areas. Often used in atlases.

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8

Goode Projection

An interrupted projection that removes much of the oceans to preserve size and shape of continents; used in thematic maps.

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9

Meridians

Arcs drawn on a map between North and South poles.

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10

Parallels

Circles drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.

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11

Longitude

The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian.

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12

Latitude

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator.

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13

Prime Meridian

The meridian designated as 0 degrees longitude that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwhich, England.

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14

Equator

An imaginary line dividing Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

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15

International Date Line

An arc that mostly follows 180 degrees longitude, affecting time zones.

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16

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

The time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian.

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17

GPS

Geographic Positioning System that determines precise positions on Earth.

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18

GIS

Geographic Information System that stores and analyzes geographic data.

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19

Remote sensing

The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from satellites or long-distance methods.

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20

Place

A specific point on Earth distinguished by particular characteristics.

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21

Sense of Place

Emotional connections individuals form with specific locations.

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22

Placelessness

The loss of a place’s unique identity due to popular culture and globalization.

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23

Absolute Location

A point defined using coordinates like latitude and longitude.

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24

Relative Location

The location of a place compared to a known place or feature.

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25

Toponym

The name given to a portion of Earth’s surface.

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26

Site

The physical character of a place.

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27

Situation

The location of a place relative to another place.

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28

Formal Region

An area where everyone shares one or more distinctive characteristics.

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29

Functional Region

An area organized around a node or focal point.

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30

Vernacular Region

An area believed to exist as part of cultural identity.

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31

Mental Map

A representation of Earth’s surface based on personal knowledge and impressions.

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32

Spatial Association

The relationship between the distribution of one feature and another.

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33

Globalization

Actions that involve the entire world, making something worldwide in scope.

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34

Distribution

The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface.

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35

Density

The frequency of something within a given unit of area.

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36

Concentration

The spread of something over a given area.

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37

Clustered Spatial Pattern

When things are grouped together on Earth’s surface.

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38

Dispersed Spatial Pattern

When things are spread out on Earth’s surface.

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39

Hearth

The region from which innovative ideas originate.

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40

Relocation Diffusion

The spread of a feature through bodily movement of people from one place to another.

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41

Hierarchical Diffusion

The spread of a feature from one key person of authority or node to others.

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42

Contagious Diffusion

The rapid spread of a feature throughout a population.

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43

Stimulus Diffusion

The spread of an underlying principle while rejecting specific characteristics.

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44

Distance decay

The diminished importance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

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45

Time-space compression

The decrease in time and relative distance between places.

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46

Koppen System

A system categorizing climate zones based on local vegetation.

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47

Sustainability

The use of resources in ways that do not constrain future resource use.

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48

Environmental Determinism

The study of how the physical environment influences human activities.

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49

Possibilism

The theory that the physical environment sets limits (environment in control), but humans can adjust and choose actions.

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50

Probabilism

The idea that the environment sets limits, but humans have choices within those limits.

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51

Poststructuralist Geography

The study of space influenced by ideologies of ruling elites.

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52

Humanistic Geography

The study of how individuals form ideas about place and assign symbolic meanings.

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53

Behavioral Geography

The study of the psychological basis for individual human actions in space.

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54

Conservation

The sustainable management of a natural resource.

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55

Preservation

The maintenance of resources in their present condition with minimal human impact.

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56

Quantitative

Involving numbers and data.

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57

Qualitative data

Involving words and descriptive characteristics.

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58

Accessibility

The ease of reaching certain locations from others.

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59

Connectivity

The relationships among people and objects across space.

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