nitrogen group / Group 5A/15

what are included in the nitrogen group / Group 5A/15?

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, bismuth

Nitrogen (N)

"Nitron - Nitre Forming. • 78% of the atmosphere • Inert - ampules

Inert

will not react with the components inside the ampule

N2O

"Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) Use: general anesthetic"

Laughing gas N2O

gives patients calming effect: sedating use in pain relief. used as a general anesthetic slows down the function of brain.

NO

"Nitric oxide Use: vasodilator"

Vasodilator

allow the blood vessels to relax and helps control the blood pressure

NaNO3

"Sodium nitrite (Chile nitro, Chile saltpeter) Use: antidote for cyanide poisoning"

PHOSPHORUS (P)

"Phosphoros - Bringer of Light. has 3 allotropes • Component of DNA, bones and teeth. DNA backbone is made up of carbon rings and it contains phosphorus for the preservation of DNA backbone"

Red Phosphorus

non-poisonous, non-flammable

White Phosphorus

poisonous, flammable

Black phosphorus

Semiconductor. Used in the electrical industry.

NaH2PO4

"Monobasic sodium phosphate Use: urinary acidifier - adjust the pH of urine"

H3PO2

"Hypophosphorus acid Use: antioxidant with I and Fe +2"

Ca5HO13P3

"Hydroxyapatite Use: component of bones and teeth. Strength of teeth not only depends on calcium level but also phosphorus."

Arsenic (As)

"Arsenikon- Yellow Pigmen • POISONOUS • 2 allotropes - yellow and grey"

Arsenic in GIT

- iron + magnesium hydroxide

As2O3

"Arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) • Use: 1mg/mL for promyelocytic leukemia (FDA approved)"

C18H18As3N3O3

"Salvarsan • Use: treatment of syphilis (Paul Ehrlich) Magic bullet. other names are: Arsphernamine/compound 606/Neosalvarsan 91 - first few drugs in fighting infection"

ANTIMONY (Sb)

Stibium - Anti Monos

C8H4K2O12Sb2

Antimony potassium tartrate (tartar emetic) Use: treatment schistosomiasis. anti-parasitic drug. incorporates in veterinary products.

C8H4Na2O12Sb2

Antimony sodium tartrate. Use: treatment schistosomiasis. anti-parasitic drug. incorporates in veterinary products.

schistosomiasis

specific parasite worm infect on a particular person

Bismuth (Bi)

Bisemutum - White Mass

Bi2O2(CO3)

"Bismuth subcarbonate Use: Veterinary use"

C7H5BiO6

"Bismuth subgallate Use: Topical cream to relieve pain (haemorrhoids, skin irritations)"

C7H5BiO4

"Bismuth Subsalicylate Use: Anti-diarrheal black stool"

Black stool in bismuth

Patients taking bismuth has the possibility of having black stool