Sensory Exemplars

Cataracts

eye lens loses transparency causing scattered light on the retina

What are some causes of cataracts?

aging, trauma, genetics, medications, disease processes

What are some manifestations of cataracts?

cloudy/blurry vision, colors muted, glare and halos

What are some management options of cataracts?

monitor until it interferes with ADLs; anti-glare glasses, well lit room

What are is a sgx treatment option for cataracts?

phacoemulsification

Phacoemulsification

sound waves break up the cloudy lens which is removed, and a new one is placed

Mydratics

phenylephrine; dilate the pupil by constricting the iris

Cycloplegics

paralyze ciliary muscles which results in a loss of accommodation

How can cataracts be prevented?

protect eyes from sun, eat fruits and vegetables, glucose control, smoking and alcohol cessation/limitation

What is important to notify the provider about as it relates to phacoemulsification?

if the pt is on tamsulosin as it can complicate pupil dilation

What are some nursing interventions for phacoemulsification?

medication reconciliation, avoid strain post-surgery, eye drop administration

Peripheral Neuropathy

inflammation and degeneration of the peripheral nerves resulting in impairment and conductivity

What causes peripheral neuropathy?

decreased blood vessel effectiveness, constriction of superficial vessels, peripheral nerve endings suffer

Mononeuropathy

isolated to a single nerve

Polyneuropathy

multiple nerves effected

Which nerves are first to be effected with neuropathy?

those farthest away from the brain and spinal cord

What causes mononeuropathy?

trauma, infection, vascular issues, metabolic issues

What causes polyneuropathy?

toxins, deficiencies, metabolic disease, infections, genetics, inflammation, malignancy

What are some risk factors for neuropathy?

vitamin deficiency, diabetes, alcohol, smoking, age

What are some manifestations of neuropathy?

paresthesia, difficulty walking, numbness, weakness

What are some assessments/tests for neuropathy?

electromyography, CBC, thyroid, serum B12 and thiamine, CMP, urine, nerve biopsy

Neuropathy can be ______ and ______.

painful and debilitating

What are some treatment options for neuropathy?

pt/ot, lifestyle changes, pharmacologic agents

What does treatment of neuropathy depend on?

the cause and the symptoms

What is important for diabetic neuropathy?

daily foot care

What are some education points for neuropathy?

lifestyle changes, prevention of injury, avoiding repetitive movements or pressures, safety