urinary system ii

what is the reverse of reabsorption (from tubule cells into filtrate); allows us to take unwanted things in blood and put into filtrate which will eventually become urine and excreted from bodies

secretion

what products are secreted (occurs almost completely in proximal convoluted tubule

foreign substances (drugs and toxins), urea and uric acid, excess K+ to keep blood levels low and H+/HCO3- to control pH

what is the GFR for chronic kidney failure

less than 60ml/min

what is GFR for moderate chronic kidney failure

30-59ml/min

what is GFR for renal failure

less than 15ml/min

with CKD secretion is inefficient, meaning unwanted things stay in blood so what builds up

foreign substances (drugs and toxins), urea and uric acid, excess K+ to keep blood levels low and H+ & HCO3- to control pH

with CKD, foreign substances (drugs and toxins) build up which can lead to

overdose

with CKD, urea and uric acid builds up which can lead to

uremia

with CKD excess K+ to keep blood levels low can build up which leads to

hyperkalemia

with CKD H+ & HCO3- to control pH build up which leads to

metabolic acidosis

when we are dehydrated, we can have increase of osmolality of extracellular fluids (concentrated urine) that leads to

increase in ADH release, increase number of aquaporins in collecting duct, increasing h20 reabsorption that results in small volume of concentrated volume

when overhydrated, we have decrease of osmolality of extracellular fluids (dilated urine) that leads to

decrease in ADH release, decrease number of aquaporins in collectind duct, decreasing h20 reabsorption that results in large volume of dilute urine

what is the term for having large amounts of dilute urine

polyuria

polyuria is common with which individuals

diabetics

diabetes mellitus is related to glucose attracting water while diabetes insipidus is

no ADH secretion or no ADH response (uave trouble reabsorbing water)

which diabetes is most common gestationally

diabetes insipdus

diuretics are chemicals that affect tubules that cause

h20 loss and dilute urine

what are the three types of diuretics

osmotic, alcohol and caffeine and loop diuretics

how does alcohol and caffeine increase urine output

alcohol inhibits ADH release while caffeine inhibits Na+ reabsorption

what type of diuretics are chemicals that are not reabsorbed by tubule which attract water towards more concentrated filtrate, increasing output

osmotic diuretic

what does osmotic diuretic lead to

polyuria, dehydration and polydipsia

what type of diuretics inhibits formation of medullary gradient at ascending limb which leads to less water reabsorption and more staying in filtrate

loop diuretics