SELs but no anatomy

what is the correct lifting techniques

one arm under the chin and one arm under the scooped under the hinlimbs

how to restrain sitting

one arm under the chin and the other outstretch holding the dog towards body

how to restrain standing

one arm under the chin the other arm under the caudal abdomen

demonstrate the need for observation prior to handling and treatment

can look how animal moves independently

can see animals behaviour - anxiety or unsure

can see how animal chooses to stand and if they shift their weight onto any specific limb

Demonstrate awareness of suitable environments in which treatment can be carried out and what changes may be necessary for safety or comfort

quiet room, non slip flooring, comfortable surface for dog to lie, contained, shut widows and doors,

Demonstrate hygiene, health and safety

wash hands after each client

disinfect mats

wash towels and bedding

change bedding between clients

have the owner sat down on a chair or on the floor

wire management from an electrotherapies

laser - glasses worn

boot dip

identify neural dysfunction

paraparesis, ataxia, Knuckling over of the feet, Unusual, rapid eye movements (nystagmus), Head tilt or circling, Seizures, Muscle tremors, twitching, or trembling, sensitivity

UMN lesion signs

Reflexes normal to increased

Atrophy - disuse atrophy mild and generalised

Tone - normal

LMN lesion signs

Reflexes are decreased to absent
Atrophy - neurogenic, severe and specific muscles

Tone - decreased to absent

What are the functional regions of the spinal cord

C1-5 - neck

C6-T2 - thoracic limbs

T3-L3 - trunk

L4-S3 - pelvic limbs and viscera

Cd1-5 - tail

what are behavioural signs of pain

kyphosis, lip licking, lying down, whale eye, loss of appetite, vocalisation, panting

Name the tests in a neuro exam for a dog

menace

Cutaneous sensation

hearing

Limb withdrawal

Patellar

Paw knuckle

Paper slide

Perineal

Name the tests in a neuro exam for a horse

menace

cutaneous sensation

hearing

sternal lift

swat test

hood placement

circling

backing up

pelvic rounding reflex

Discuss the prep of a horse for hydro

tail bandage

pick out feet

wash down legs before

check of cuts or wounds - contraindication

bridle

Discuss the prep of a dog for hydro

check for cuts or wounds

harness or life jacket

wash dog before

ear snood if have long ears

explain the concept of core stability pro

proximal stability for stable distal mobility, to provide a solid base for movement and forces generated by the limbs

what are the signs of dorsal-ventral muscle imbalance in the horse

weak or dropped thoracic sling

gluteal atrophy

lordosis

high head carriage

what are the contraindications of lunging

tendon or ligament injuries, dorsal sacroiliac strain, hock OA, fibrotic region in the neck, vertebral column dysfunction

what are the contraindications of long-reining

young or inexperienced horses, kicking horses, recent surgery, lameness, kissing spines

what are the contraindications of training aids

fibrotic region of the neck, kissing spines, being used as a quick fix

identify poor foot balance

broken forward, broken back, high and low heels, lateral landings, cranio caudal landings,

describe the effect of poor foot balance on the tissues and impact on locomotion

lameness

stain of soft tissues

poor posture

thrush

side bones

navicular bone issues

fetlock joint inflammation

abscesses

Identify secondary pathology caused by poor saddle fit

excessive pressure points, muscle atrophy, back pain, poor performance, kissing spines, and muscle imbalance. thoracolumbar pain

describe the effect of poor fitting saddles

discuss the effect of poor dentition on physical structures, health and movement

weight loss from not being able to ea

behavioural changes to the bit

facial swelling if teeth are infected

dental decay leading to sinus infections

TMJ pain

Pole pain

the omohyoid link with the hind end