Chapter 5 - Utilitarianism (included in finals)

1. The Common Good

2. Principle of Utility

3. Principle of Greatest Number

4. Justice and Rights

Enumerate the four (4) parts of Utilitarianism

Jeremy Bentham

He argued that our actions are governed by two sovereign masters-- pain and pleasure.

Pain

Pleasure

Jeremy Bentham argues that our actions are governed by two (2) sovereign masters. What are these?

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Principle of Utility

The __________ is about our subjection to these sovereign masters; refers to the motivation of our actions as we avoid pain and desire for pleasure

Jeremy Bentham

Who wrote the greatest happiness principle of ethics (system of penal management/panopticon)?

System of Penal Management/Panopticon

Jeremy Bentham wrote the greatest happiness principle of ethics which is __________.

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE. John Stuart Mill supports Jeremy Bentham’s Principle of Utility.

Moral good = happiness = pleasure

What principle of Jeremy Bentham did John Stuart Mill support?

Action’s morality

For Bentham and Mill, the pursuit for pleasure are not just important principles - they are the only principle assessing an __________.

Felicific Calculus

What framework did Bentham create to evaluate pleasure and pain?

Felicific Calculus

This allows the evaluation of all actions and regardless of preferences and values.

FALSE

Pleasure and pain can only quantitatively differ from the experiences of pleasure and pain accordingly.

TRUE or FALSE. Pleasure and pain can only qualitatively differ from the experiences of pleasure and pain accordingly.

John Stuart Mill

Who is the friend and disciple of Jeremy Bentham who wrote the history of Roman Law, and the essay: Utilitarianism?

1861

When did John Stuart Mill wrote the essay: Utilitarianism?

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE. The essay Utilitarianism (1861) reflected the ethical theory of John Stuart Mill.

FALSE

John Stuart Mill dissents from Bentham’s single scale of pleasure--pleasures should be distinguished qualitatively not quantitatively.

TRUE or FALSE. John Stuart Mill dissents from Bentham’s single scale of pleasure--pleasures should be distinguished quantitatively not qualitatively.

FALSE

According to John Stuart Mill, there is a difference between higher intellectuals and lower base pleasures.

TRUE or FALSE. According to John Stuart Mill, there is no difference between higher intellectuals and lower base pleasures.

3. Principle of Greatest Number

Identify what part of Utilitarianism is being described:

This is not all about our individual pleasures, regardless how high, intellectual or noble it is, but it is about the pleasure of the greatest number affected by the consequences of our actions.

3. Principle of Greatest Number

Identify what part of Utilitarianism is being described:

It states that, “The standard is not the agent’s own greatest happiness but the greatest amount of happiness altogether. “

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE. Utilitarianism cannot lead to selfish acts.

FALSE

According to utilitarianism, if we are the only ones satisfied by our actions, it does not constitute moral good.

TRUE or FALSE. According to utilitarianism, if we are the only ones satisfied by our actions, it constitutes moral good.

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE. Utilitarianism is interested with the best consequence for the highest number of people. It is not interested with the agent’s intent.

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Justice

__________, as a respect for rights directed toward society’s pursuit for the greatest number.

Rights

__________, are a valid claim on society and are justified by utility. It is related to the interests that serve general happiness.

John Stuart Mill

“It is something guaranteed to him by society, what we say that he has the right to it.” This quote is from __________.

Justice

Rights

When your right as a person is violated, someone has to pay the price. This is where _______ and ________ enter the scene

FALSE

We are treated justly when our legal and moral rights are respectedTRUE

TRUE or FALSE. We are treated unjustly when our legal and moral rights are respected.

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE. John Stuart Mill thinks that it is commendable to endure legal punishment for acts of civil disobedience for the sake of promoting higher moral good.

FALSE

In a situation where conflict between moral and legal rights arise, moral rights take precedence over legal rights.

TRUE or FALSE. In a situation where conflict between moral and legal rights arise, legal rights take precedence over moral rights.

Thomas Aquinas

Who is the prominent person who contributed to the Natural Law?

Thomas Aquinas

He is a Dominican friar priest; the doctor of Roman Catholic Church/ Christian theology.

Summa Theologiae

This refers to a volumous work(Aquina’s Magnus Opus) that discusses many significant points in Christian theology.

Eternal Law

This refers to what God wills for creation, how each participant in it is intended to return to him.

Natural Law

This law emphasizes that human beings are given the gift to discern what is right and wrong because humans are the reflection of God.