Grade 11 Biology- Circulatory System

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Arteries

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Carry blood away from the heart, with high pressure, mostly oxygenated blood, no valves and thick walls and tissue layers

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Veins

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Carry blood towards the heart with low blood pressure, mostly deoxygenated blood, with valves and thin walls

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64 Terms

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Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart, with high pressure, mostly oxygenated blood, no valves and thick walls and tissue layers

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Veins

Carry blood towards the heart with low blood pressure, mostly deoxygenated blood, with valves and thin walls

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Red blood cells

Contain a cell membrane and lack a nucleus, are produced in the bone marrow and contains hemoglobin

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SA node

also called the pacemaker, it sets the heart rate by the autonomic nervous system and is located on the wall of the right atrium

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Heart

Located on the left side of the body in between the lungs, has four chambers, pumps blood

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Path of Circulation

Transports O2, through heart, lungs, and body tissues

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1 Major Part of Circulatory System

Heart

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2 Major Part of Circulatory System

Blood Vessels

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Blood Vessels

Arteries, Capillaries and Veins

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3 Major Part of Circulatory System

Blood

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Blood

Plasma, red and white blood cells

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Diastole

Relaxed heart, filling up with blood, valves open

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Systole

Heart being pumped, pushing all the blood out, valves closed

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Right Side

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and back

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Left Side

Pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body

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Pulmonary Circuit

Right side of the heart

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Systemic Circuit

Left side of the heart

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Plasma

A yellowish liquid containing electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones, clotting factors, and proteins to fight infections. Making up 55% of our blood

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White Blood Cells

Part of the immune system and destroys pathogens

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Platelets

Clotting factors that are carried in the plasma

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Hemoglobin

A protein that carries oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide away from the cells

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Pathogens

Infectious Agents

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Coagulation

Sealing of a wound and prevent a blood loss

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Temperature

Flowing blood near the surface, blood release heat through the skin by conduction and radiation

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O Blood Type

Can be given to a person with any blood type

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Structure of Arteries

Narrow lumen helps to maintain blood pressure. Thick walls able to withstand high blood pressure, elastic tissue gives allows for control over blood delivery to tissue

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Structure of Veins

Large lumen diameter allows blood to flow easily with little resistance, under low pressure. Valves prevent back flow keeping blood flowing towards the heart

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Structure of Capillaries

Microscopic vessels whose walls are only one cell thick allow materials to be exchanged with body cells. Nutrients, oxygen, hormones diffuse through wall out of blood plasma into the ECF and into cells. Waste and carbon dioxide diffuses from ECF into blood plasma

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ECF

Extracellular Fluid

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Capillary

Link arteries to venules with low blood pressure, to the cells the blood in oxygenated, no valves and is one cell thick

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Superior Vena Cava

deoxygenated blood from venous blood returns from the head and arms

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Inferior Vena Cava

deoxygenated blood from venous, blood returns from the lower body

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Right Ventricle

deoxygenated blood from the right atrium

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Aorta

oxygenated blood from the left ventricle

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Left Atrium

oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins

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AV

Atrioventricular

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Tricuspid

AV valve on the right side, has 3 falps

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Bicuspid Valve

AV valve on the left side, has 2 flaps

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Semilunar Valves

Pulmonary and aortic valves

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SA

Sinoatrial

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"Lub" sound of the heart

closing of the AV valves as blood moves from the atria to the ventricles

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"Dub" Sound of the Heart

the closing of the semilunar valves as blood moves from the ventricles into the arteries

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ECG

Can be done to determine if the electrical signals are firing properly to control the heart beat

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Electrocardiogram

ECG

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Blood Pressure

The force exerted on the walls of the blood vessels by blood

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Systolic Pressure

The higher pressure exerted on the vessel walls when ventricles are relaxing

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Diastolic Pressure

The lower pressure exerted on the vessel walls when ventricles are relaxing

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Sphygmomanometer

Blood pressure in arteries can measured by using this

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Hypertension

One's blood pressure is continuously elevated

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Cardiac Output

Heart rate x Stroke volume

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Stroke Volume

the amount of blood forced out of the heart with each heart beat

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Blood Pressure Medication

Causes the body to lose salt and water, which decreases the volume of blood and tightens the blood vessels

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Purkinje Fibers

signal from the SA node goes to the AV nodes which is sent down this item and stimulates the contractions of all muscle cells of the ventricles

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Mitral Valve

Bicuspid Valve

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Erythrocytes

Red blood cells

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Leukocytes

White blood cells

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Thrombocytes

Platelets

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Septum

A muscle lining dividing the right and left side of the heart

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Medulla Oblongata

Part of the brain stem that controls heart beat and other subconscious functions

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Types of White Blood Cells

Basophil, Eosinophil, Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte

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Functions of the Circulatory System

transports nutrients, transports oxygen and carbon dioxide and transports hormones

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Open circulatory System

Blood flows freely in tissues without being contained in blood vessels (ex. insects)

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Closed Circulatory System

Blood flows only in blood vessels (ex. all vertebrates)

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Cardiac Circulation

Movement of blood within the heart