PULSE exam 1

AI

computer systems that are able to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, like learning, decision making, and problem solving (ChatGPT, Siri, CoPilot, etc.)

Environmental racism

Targeting of the BIPOC & low-income communities for placement of toxic waste and pollution

Epistemology

the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. (how do we know what we know? What does it mean to know the truth/ what is truth? Are we a part of a matrix?)

Ethics

moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conduct of an activity. (What our morality is, to whom do we owe obligations? What is right and what is wrong?)

Injustice

unfair treatment, inequity, or a violation of someone's rights

Intersectionality

categorizations of minority groups such as race, gender, sex, etc., creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage.

Justice

fairness and moral rightness; the principle that people should be treated equally and receive what they deserve. (Who decides what's fair? What systems uphold or violate justice?)

Logic

the systematic study of reasoning and argument; the rules that help determine whether something makes sense or follows from evidence. (How do we know when an argument is valid or flawed?)

Metaphysics

the first principles of philosophy, (what it means to exist, what is the origin of the universe, why are we here, is God real? being vs. nothingness, time vs. infinite, body vs. mind)

Ontology

a type of meta physics about being/ existence, social groups are defined by aggregates: being, identity

Philosophy

the study of fundamental questions about knowledge, reality, and existence, using reason and critical thinking. (Why do we believe what we do? How should we live? What is truth, beauty, or justice?)

Religion

an organized system of beliefs, practices, and worldviews centered around questions of existence, purpose, morality, and often the divine. (How do faith and tradition shape our understanding of life and ethics?)

Revelation

the disclosure or communication of divine or ultimate truth to humans, often through scripture, prophecy, or experience. (How do we know when something is revealed by God or a higher power?)

Socratic Irony

a teaching method used by Socrates in which he pretended ignorance to draw out others' beliefs and reveal contradictions. (Using questions to help others recognize gaps in their reasoning.)

Solidarity

unity and mutual support within a group, especially among people with shared goals or struggles. (Standing together for justice, equality, and collective well-being.)

Spirituality

a personal or individual sense of connection to something greater than oneself, which may or may not be tied to religion. (What gives life meaning? How do we find peace, purpose, or transcendence?)

Targeted programs

social or policy initiatives designed to help a specific group facing disadvantage or inequity. (Programs that focus resources where they're most needed, such as housing aid or minority scholarships.)

Targeted universalism

a policy approach that sets universal goals for everyone but uses targeted strategies to achieve equity for marginalized groups. (Everyone benefits, but the path to get there differs based on need.)

Theology

the systematic study of the nature of God, religious beliefs, and the relationship between the divine and humanity. (What do we believe about God, and how do those beliefs shape our world?)

Universal program

a policy or initiative designed to benefit all people equally, regardless of background or circumstance. (Examples include public education or Social Security—programs open to everyone.)