revision

thermal equilibrium

temperature of the objects are equal and there is no net energy transfer between the objects during thermal equilibriu

conduction

energy transfer where energy is transferred through the passing on of vibrational motion from one particle to another when they collide

convection

energy transfer by means of convection currents of a fluid, due to a difference in density

radiation

energy transferred by infrared waves

why do metals heat up easily

• free electrons in metals interact and gain energy from energetic particles 

• since they are small and moves at high speeds, they are able to move easily and quickly throughout the metal to collide with less energetic particles, making them vibrate more vigorously 

internal energy

energy store that is made up of the total kinetic energy associated with the random motion of the particles and the total potential energy between the particles in the system

heat capacity

change in amount of its internal energy per unit change in temperature

specific heat capacity

change in amount of its internal energy per unit mass for each unit change in its temperature

latent heat

energy released or absorbed to change the state of a substance at constant temperature

latent heat of fusio

amount of energy transferred to change a substance between the solid and liquid states at constant temperature

specific latent heat of fusion

amount of energy transferred per unit mass of a substance to change a substance between the solid and liquid states at constant temperature

latent heat of vapourisation

amount of energy transferred to change a substance between the liquid and gaseous states at constant temperature

specific latent heat of vapourisation

amount of energy transferred per unit mass of a substance to change a substance between the liquid and gaseous states at constant temperature

temperature

a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a body

gas pressure

the average force exerted by particles per unit area 

principle conservation of energy

1. energy cannot be destroyed nor created;

2. energy can only be transferred from one energy store to another energy store 

3. total energy of an isolated system is constant

power

work done or energy transferred per unit time

pressure

force acting per unit area, where the force F acts perpendicularly to the area A

density

mass per unit volume