4.3.2(Features used in classification)

Define the term species

• A group of organisms that can freely interbreed to produce fertile off spring

What are the 6 kingdoms

• Archaebacteria

• Eubacteria

• Protista

• Fungi

• Plantae

• Animalia

What can archaebacteria and eubacteria both be classed as

• Prokaryotae

• Describe similar features between archaebacteria and eubacteria

• Both have no nucleus

• Both have a loop of DNA that is not arranged in chromosomes

• Both have naked DNA

• Both have no membrane bound organelles

• Both have smaller ribosomes than organisms in other kingdoms

• Both have cells smaller than those of ekaryotes

• Both are unicellular

Describe features which are different between eubacteria and archaebacteria

• Enzymes are different

• Different cell membrane

• Transcription and translation processes are different

• Different DNA replication

• Different RNA and DNA

Describe features of Protoctista

• Are eukaryotic

• Mostly single celled

• Wide variety of forms

• Show various plant-like or animal-like features

• Mostly free living

• They have autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition - some photosynthesis, some ingest prey, some feed on extracellular enzymes and some are parasites

Describe features of fungi

• Eukaryotic

• Can exist as single cells or have a mycelium that consists of hyphae

• have walls made of chitin

• Have a cytoplasm yjay os multinucleate

• Mostly free living and saprophytic - this means that they cause decau of organic matter

Describe features of plantae

• Eukaryotic

• Multi cellular

• Have cells surrounded by a cellulose cell wall

• Are autotrophic and contain chlorophyll

Describe features of animalia

• Eukaryotic

• Multicellular

• Heterotrophic

• Usually able to move around

Define the terms autotrophic and heterotrophic

• Autotrophic: absorb simple molecules and build them into larger organic molecules

• Heterotrophic: Digest larger organic molecules to form smaller molecules for absorption

Describe the term saprotrophic

• Enzyme releasing organisms which break down surrounding molecules to be absorbed