APG Unit 1 PP 3 - -The Federal System

Confederation

a joining of several groups for a common purpose

federal system

system of government in which the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people

enumerated powers

the powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article 1 section 8 of the constitution

implied powers

powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause

concurrent powers

powers shared by the national governments and the states

reserved powers

powers reserved to the states by the 10th amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens

nullification

the belief in the right of a state to declare void a federal law. helps lead to the civil war

ex post facto

law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed

“after the fact”

bill of attainder

a law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial

dual federalism

the belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer-cake federalism

cooperative federalism

the intertwined relationship between the national, state, and local governments that began with the New Deal, often referred to as marble-cake federalism

block grant

a large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines

categorical grant

grants that appropriate federal funds to states for a specific purpose

new federalism

federal-state relationship proposed by the Regan administration during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments

mandate

requirements that are imposed by the national government on the state and local governments

progressive federalism

federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district; also called earmarks

extradition clause

part of article iv of the constitution that requires state to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial

full faith and credit

section of article iv of the constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another state

privileges and immunities clause

part of article iv of the constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states

commerce clause

article 1 section 8 that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations