3.1 - Cellular Energy

Energy

the ability to do work; causes a change to occur

Chemical Energy

form of potential energy; the result of a molecule's structure

Laws of Thermodynamics (2 laws)

1. energy cannot be created or destroyed (Principle of Conservation of Energy)

2. less energy available after each transformation

- each transformation gives off thermal energy

Entropy (S)

measure of how disorderly/random a system is

Is low or high entropy prefered?

high

Are organisms high or low in entropy?

low

Catabolic Reactions

large molecules break into small products

Anabolic Reactions

small molecules form into large product

Free Energy (G)

energy available to a system to do work

What can free energy do for a cell?

cause movement, actively transport substances, power biochemical reactions, etc. (think of ATP)

Spontaneous Reaction

when change in G is negative

Non-Spontaneous Reaction

when change in G is positive

Equilibrium

when the rate of the foreword and reverse reactions are the same

Chemical Reactions

breaking and building of chemical bonds

Does breaking bonds release or require energy

require

Does building bonds release or require energy

release

Reduced Molecules

receiving electrons

Oxidized Molecules

providing electrons

Redox

the cycle of reducing and oxidizing a molecule

ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate; fuels many processes in a living cell

ADP

when ATP is hydrolyzed

Phosphorylation

liberating ion bonds to another reactant, releases energy, allowing work to occur