anatomy h ch 1

Anatomy

Structure of the body and its parts.

Physiology

Function of the body and its parts.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death that separates tissue, such as fingers.

Diagnostic tools

Instruments used to visualize internal structures (e.g., x-ray, MRI).

Levels of Organization

Hierarchical structure from atom to organism.

Macromolecules

Large molecules essential for life (e.g., lipids, proteins).

Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

Cell

The smallest unit of life.

Metabolism

The chemical processes that break down and build up molecules.

Characteristics of life

Ten essential traits that define living organisms.

Requirements of Organisms

Five essential needs for sustaining life (water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure).

Vital Signs

Indicators of life functions (e.g., blood pressure, pulse).

Homeostasis

Maintenance of a stable internal environment.

Feedback mechanisms

Processes that regulate internal conditions (positive and negative feedback).

Body Cavities

Spaces within the body that house organs (e.g., dorsal and ventral cavities).

Visceral vs

Distinction between organ covering and cavity lining.

Anatomical position

Standard position of the body for anatomical reference.

Body Systems

Groups of organs that work together for specific functions (e.g., integumentary, cardiovascular).

Anatomical Terminology

Terms used to describe relative positions of body parts.

Cross section

A cut that divides the body into different sections (sagittal, transverse, coronal).

Gastroenterology

Study of the stomach and intestines.

Ophthalmology

Study of the eye and its diseases.

Pediatrics

Medicine focused on children and their health issues.

Radiology

Use of imaging techniques for diagnosis.

Epidemiology

Study of health-related conditions in populations.

Cardiology

Study of the heart and its diseases.

Psychiatry

Study of the mind and mental disorders.

Nephrology

Study of kidney structure and function.

Geriatrics

Medicine focused on older adults.

Neurology

Study of the nervous system and its disorders.