Geo Option G: Urban

Infrastructure Growth

SHANGHAI

pop 29 mil by coast, known for ports, finance, retail, tourism, business

CLEAN WATER

85% water deemed undrinkable in 1980

now, 80% water is treated

1987 - WB launched $153mil Shanghai Sewage Project

WASTE

2019 half waste burned, half sent to landfill

2020 compulsory waste/recycling policy

TRANSPORT

600mil tonnes of cargo/yr

2 intl airports

rail network with 20 lines, widely used

TELECOM

30% China’s phone lines in Shanghai

highest density 5g of sites

Green Space Depletion

AUCKLAND, NZ

2011 - 55% is green space

2022 - 30% is green space

CAUSES:

infill development (clears our gardens)

rural to urban migration means increased need for building

IMPACTS:

temp increases (UHIE), every 10% depletion of green spaces increases temp by 0.3^oC

increased surface runoff (more floods), more impermeable surfaces (jan 2003 was NZ’s biggest flood, 10,000 homes were flooded)

Slum Clearance KWC

KWC, HK

over 3000 individuals, most densely populated place on earth

lively bustling slum, described as HK’s shadow economy with many informal businesses

no laws enforced

DEMOLISHMENT

demolished in 1993

IMPACTS

residents evicted, given $2.7bil compensation, but often not enough, leaving many homeless (KWC rent was $35HKD, rest of HK $12,000/month)

1000 local businesses shut down

people unemployed - lacked skillsets

replaced by memorial park/garden

govt. hired old residents to work as tour guides

Slum Clearance RIO

DEMOLISHMENT

favelas demolished to build sporting venues for Rio 2016 Olympics

eviction process began in 2009, flash evictions in 2015

IMPACTS

170,000 residents displaced

1000 general resident homes demolished to build a parking lot

land value rose x3

residents lacked education and services, as it is through a catchment system and linked to place of residence, so cannot qualify for any services

Deindustrlisation