Anatomy #2 - Part 3

Knee - Foot

What is the MOI of an inversion ankle sprain?

Inversion and plantar flexion

What structures are injured with inversion ankle sprain?

Anterior talofibular ligament

ATFL + calcaneofibular ligament

ATFL + CFL + Posterior talofibular ligament

What is the MOI of an eversion ankle sprain?

Eversion and dorsiflexion

What structures are damaged in eversion ankle sprain?

Deltoid ligament

What is the MOI of a high ankle sprain?

Dorsiflexion and external rotation of talus - plant and cut movement

What structures are damaged in a high ankle sprain?

Interosseus membrane, ATFL, PTF

What is the MOI of a Potts fracture?

Severe eversion

What structures are damaged in Potts fracture?

avulsion of medial malleolus, then shearing of lateral malleolus

What is the MOI of a Jones fracture?

Direct blow to inverted ankle

What structure is damaged in Jone’s fracture?

Fracture of 5th metatarsal

What is MOI of pes planus?

Flat feet

What structures are damaged in pes planus?

decreased height of medial and lateral arches

What is pes cavus?

High arches

What is MOI of Morton’s Neuroma?

Tight shoes, overuse, trauma

What structure is damaged in Morton’s Neuroma?

Plantar nerve compression between MTs

What is MOI of tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Edema, valgus, lesion

What structure is damaged in tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Tibial nerve entrapment

What is MOI of hallus valgus (bunion)?

Lateral deviation of MTP 1

What is MOI of Morton’s toe?

Digit 2 longer than big toe - genetic

What is the MOI of turf toe?

Hyperextension of big toe

What are the components of deltoid ligament?

• Tibionavicular

• Anterior tibiotalar

• Posterior tibiotalar

• Tibiocalcaneal

What is MOI of plantar fasciitis?

Overuse, obesity, pes cavus, tight intrinsic muscles

What is anatomy of hammer toe?

hyperextended MTP, flexed PIP, extended DIP

What is anatomy of mallet toe?

Flexed DIP

What is anatomy of claw toe?

Hyperextended MTP, flexed PIP

What type of ankle sprain is most common?

Inversion sprain

What muscle attaches to Gerdy’s tubercle on the tibia?

TFL (IT band)

What muscles attach to pes anserine of tibia?

Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

What muscles extend the knee?

Vastus med

Vastus lat

Vastus intermedius

Rec fem

What muscles flex the knee?

Biceps femoris (L and S heads)

Semitendinosis

Semimembranosus

Gracilis

Sartorius

Popliteus

Gastrocnemius

What muscles internally rotate the knee?

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosis

Gracilis

Sartorius

Popliteus

What muscles externally rotate knee?

Biceps femoris

What type of joint is the femoral patellar?

Plane

What type of joint is femoral tibial?

Modified hinge

What is patellofemoral syndrome?

Abnormal movement of patella on femur - runners knee

What movements does the medial collateral ligament of the knee limit?

Extension and abduction of leg - prevents valgus and ER

What movement does lateral collateral ligament limit?

Extension and adduction of leg - prevents varus and stabilizes knee laterally

ACL restricts what movement?

Posterior femoral translation OR anterior tibial translation

Knee hyperextension

PCL prevents what movement?

Anterior femoral translation OR posterior tibial translation

Hyperflexion