C10 - Reactions of alkenes

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29 Terms

1
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How do alkenes react with other elements?

The double bond separates to leave a single bond where new atoms are added, called addition reactions

2
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WHat is the functional group for alkenes?

Carbon-Carbon double bond

3
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What is hydregonation?

Addition of hydrogen as hydrogen reacts with the carbons and forms a saturated alkane

4
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How is alcohol from alkenes are formed?

  • Water is added to ethene producing ethanol

  • The mixture is passed from reactors to a condenser

  • Ethanol have a higher boiling point than ethene so condense while ethene is recycled back to the reactor

  • The ethanol is purified using fractional distillation

5
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How does bromine test for alkenes?

Bromine water is added to a saturated compound like alkane, so no reaction happen

When bromine water is added to alkenes, it makes a colourless compound so bromine is decolourized

6
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WHat is the general formula for alcohols?

CnH2n+1OH

7
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WHat is the functional group for alcohols?

-OH

8
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WHat are properties of acohol?

  • Flammable - Does combustion

  • First four alcohols are soluble in water

9
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What is produced when acohols are reacted with sodium?

Hydrogen + alkoxide

10
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What happens when alcohol reacts with oxygen?

The alcohol is oxidised to produce carboxylic acid

11
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Why are alcohols used as solvents?

Because they dissolve substances that water can and cannot dissolve

12
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What are uses of alcohols?

  • Drinks

  • Solvents

  • Fuels

13
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What processes make ethanol?

  • Fermentation: sugar → ethanol + CO2

  • Reacting ethene with steam

14
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WHat is teh optimum temperature for fermentation?

37C

15
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WHat is the functional group of carboxylic acid?

-COOH

Ends with -anoic acid

16
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What happens when carboxylic acid reacts with carbonates?

Produce salt, water and CO2

17
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WHat is the reactions between ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate?

Ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate → Sodium ehtanoate + water + CO2

18
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What happens when carboxylic acid dissolves in water?

They ionise and release H+ ions resulting in an acidic solution. However, they do not ionise completely so they form a weak acidic solution, meaning they have a higher pH

19
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What is the functional group of esters?

-COO-

20
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How are esters formed?

alcohol + carboxylic acid → Ester + water

21
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What is the reaction between ethanoic aicd and ethanol?

Ethanoic acid + ethanol → ethyl ethanoate + water

22
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What are polymers?

Lots of the same molecules joined together in one chain

23
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What does polymerisation mean?

Lots of monomers joined togther to form a long molecule

24
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What conditions does polymerisation need?

High pressures and a catalyst

25
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What are plastics made up of?

Made up of polymers, usually carbon based and monomers are alkenes

26
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What is addition polymerisation?

Unsaturated monomer molecules (alkenes) open their double bonds to form polymer chains

27
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What are negative environmental impacts of polymers?

  • Not biodegradeable

  • Landfill sites quickly fill up

28
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What do condensation polymerizations involve?

Monomers containing different functional groups

29
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How are the polymers made from condensation?

The monomers react togteher and bonds form between them, forming polymer chains. For each new bond that forms, a smaller molecule is lost