chemistry notecards (Exam1)

what side are non-metals on (of the separation line)?

right side

When is doubling the value/s used for balancing chemical reactions?

When one element side has fewer atoms than the other side, and there is no other way to equalize it, make the numbers match by multiplying/Doubling

What is the rule while balancing chemical formulas

Modify coefficients (in front) only. never change subscripts.

what side are metals on (of the separation line)?

left side

what are metalloids?

elements that share properties of metals and non-metals

what two numbers appear for elements on the periodic table?

atomic number, and atomic mass number

while using the train track method, how are the units placed in order to cancel eachother out?

diagonally

how are two or more non-metals compounds named?

Indicate the number of atoms of each element using IUPAC prefixes, and the second element ends with the suffix “ide”

what does the prefix mono- mean

1

what does the prefix di- mean

2

what does the prefix tri- mean

3

what does the prefix tetra- mean

4

what does the prefix penta- mean

5

what does the prefix hexa- mean

6

what does the prefix hepta- mean

7

what does the prefix octa- mean

8

what does the prefix nona- mean

9

what does the prefix deca- mean

10

what are the IUPAC prefixes referring to

the numbers of how many of the specific atom is present.

what charge do column 1 metals have

+1

what charge do column 2 metals have

+2

what charge does the aluminum column have

3+

what charge does the nonmetal nitrogen group have

-3

what charge does the nonmetal oxygen group have

-2

what charge does the nonmetal chlorine group have

-1

mixture

Matter that does not have constant properties and constant composition.

heterogeneous

A mixture that is not uniform throughout.

Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)

A mixture that is uniform throughout.

Pure Substance

Matter that has constant properties and constant composition.

compound

A pure substance that can be simplified chemically into simpler substances.

element

A pure substance that cannot be simplified chemically, is one type of atom, and is listed on the Periodic Table.

how is a compound with a nonmetal and a column 1 or 2 metal named

State the full name of the metal, and State the name of the nonmetal dropping its ending and adding the suffix "-ide".

what is the formula for finding density

$$\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$$

what charge for protons

positive charged

what charge for electrons

negative

what charge for neutrons

neutral/uncharged

atomic number (Z)

the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. it determines the element's identity and its position in the periodic table.

Mass Number (A)

the sum of protons and neutrons

what are isotopes

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons, and mass numbers.

They have but contains the same number in protons and they contain identical atomic numbers

what differs between the mass number, and the atomic mass number

the Mass Number is always a whole integer, representing a specific single isotope. It’s not on the periodic table.

the Atomic Mass or Atomic Weight is The weighted average mass of all isotopes of an element based on their natural percent abundance. This value is printed underneath the element symbol on the periodic table.

how are ions formed

when a neutral atom gains or looses an electron/s

what is a cation

its a Positively charged ions that is formed when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons

what is an anion

Negatively charged ions formed when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons

notation standards: what does it mean when a number is before the sign

it denotes formal ionic change

notation standards: what does it mean when a number is after the sign

it denotes oxidation number

what is the full nuclear symbol in regarding isotopes notion format

$$^A_Z\text{E}^{\text{charge}}$$

where $A$ is the mass number, $Z$ is the atomic number, and $E$ is the element.

how is the molar/molecular mass calculated

1. Identify elements

2. count the exact number of atoms of each element

3. Multiply each atom count by its atomic mass rounded to 3 significant figures.

4. add all the mass values and express the result in $\text{g/mol}$

example: $H_2O$

H: 1.0078 × 2 = 2g/mol

O: 16.00 × 1 = 16g/mol

then: 2 + 16 = 18g/mol

what does it mean to balance a chemical reaction?

it means: ensuring that the total number of atoms for each element is equal on both the left side (reactant) and the right (product) side of the chemical equation.

what symbol represents the atomic number

Z

what symbol represents the mass number

A

what symbol represents the element

E

how is % composition calculated?

(singular elements mass/ molecular mass of the compound) x 100

how is the atomic mass calculated from isotopes?

(average mass x natural abundance(comes in % form, must convert to decimal form)) = “y”

then add each “y” value together to find the average atomic mass of the isotopes.