APUSH Unit 6 1865-1890

Gilded Age

period of economic growth, industrialization, & political corruption

• known as Second Industrial Revolution

• driven by railroad development & factories, the railroads made it possible

• railroads became a national market for goods, created time zones

• growth of natural resources, growing supply of labor & expanding market

Trusts/Monopolies

companies combined to limit competition.

One business dominates an entire industry

Laissez-Faire

No government interference in the economy

capitalists

individuals who invest in and own businesses, driving economic growth and innovation.

Captains of Industry

billionaire business leaders of Gilded Age

Vertical Integration

controlling everything apart of their business

Horizontal Integration

corporation acquires or merges with competitors

Rockefeller & Carnegie

rich industry owners, both steel and oil

sharecropping

exploitative labor system

Political Machines

corrupt organizations that controlled city politics, traded services for votes, exploiting immigrant growth

• Boss Tweed is an example of this

Labor Exploitation

big businesses take advantage of workers with low pay, long hours, & unsafe conditions

Child Labor

kids exploited in factories

Social Darwinism

Survival of the fittest applied to humans

• government shouldn’t interfere to fight inequality

Gospel of Wealth

rich have a responsibility to care for the poor

Social Gospel Movement

Christian movement to help the urban poor

Labor Unions

workers organize to fight for better wages & work conditions

Strikes

workers refuse to work, shutting down production

Populism

government focuses on the economic needs of “common man” rather than the elite

Anarchism

overthrow capitalism (and the government)

Great Railroad Strike

workers refused to work due to wage cuts

Knights of Labor

First national union

Know-Nothing Party

anti-immigrant nativist party

New Immigrants

Eastern and Souther Europeans

Chinse Exclusion Act 1882

Banned Chinese immigrants

Farmer’s Alliance

largest citizen movement of the 19th century

• spread to 43 states, proposing that the government establish warehouse for farmers to store their crops in until they’re sold

• later on evolved into the Peoples Party/Populists, in 1890, which advocated reform issues

Populist Platform of 1892

classic document of American reform

• attempt to restore democracy & economic opportunity by putting forth proposals

• tried forming a Black and White alliance

Coxey’s Army

several men march to Washington demanding economic relief

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

federation of trade unions composed by skilled white workers

urbanization

rapid growth of cities

Ethnic Enclaves

immigrant communities in cities

Tenements

over crowded urban slum apartments

Settlement Houses

charity centers to help immigrants, providing education, jobs, child care, etc.

Homestead Act 1862

free land for settlers in the West

• one condition is they must “improve” the land, either by farming or mining it

subsidies

government gives money/land to railroad companies

American Indian Wars

conflict between U.S & Native tribes in the West

• slaughter of buffalo herds

Dawes Act of 1887

convert tribal land to individual land

Goal: to assimilate Natives to white ways

Wounded Knee Massacre 1890

U.S soldiers kill 300+ Lakota Sioux- End of the Indian Wars

Ghose Dance Movement

Native Americans spiritual revival to resist Westward expansion

Spanish American War 1898

U.S becomes an imperial power by conquering Spain’s colonies

Great White Fleet

U.S overseas navy

Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine 1904

U.S is the “policeman” of Latin-America

• maintain stability

• ex: Panama Canal

Philippine War

U.S military campaign that suppressed movement for Philippine independence after Spanish-American War

Anti-Imperialist League

coalition of anti-imperialist groups united in 1899 to protest American territorial expansion