APES Diseases

Plasmodium

Disease: malaria

Pathogen: protist parasite

Vector: female anopheles mosquito

Found: In developing countries, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions

Not a problem in US

Vaccine

Cryptosporidium

Disease: Cryptosporidiosis

Pathogen: protist parasite

Vector/transmitted by: spore forming intestinal protest, public water supply contagion

found: wherever it is hard to ensure people do not ingest contaminated food or water

No vaccine

Wuchereria bacncrofti

Disease: Elephantis

Pathogen: nematode parasite

Found: Sub-Saharan Africa, developing country

Symptom: lymph fluid build up

Yersinia pestis

Disease: bubonic and pneumonic plague

Pathiogen: Bacterial infection

Vector: flea

Symptom: septicemic forms

Rubeola

Disease: measles

Pathogen: virus

Transmission: coughing, sneezing, touching infected surfaces and touching face

symptoms: full body rash and high fever

highly infectious

Vaccine

Schistosoma

Disease: Schistosomiasis

Pathogen: parasite

Found: tropical and subtropical in contaminated water

effect: will burrow into skin and then move lungs/liver to mature

No vaccine

May live in snails

Variola Major

Disease: smallpox

Pathogen: viral

Transmission: body fluids

Vaccine: Yes, with cowpox

Declared eradicated

Salmonella

Disease: Food poisoning

Pathogen: bacteria

Transmitted: consumption of contaminated food like raw dairy and eggs

FoundL outbreaks in Chipotle, peanut butter, chicken

Borrelia Burgdorferi

Disease: Lyme disease

pathogen: bacterium

Vector: bites of ticks

symptoms: characteristic bullseye rash

No vaccine

Dracunulus medinensis

disease: guinea worm

pathogen: nematode parasite

vector: copepod

worm is pulled out by wrapping it around a stick

vaccine: no

Listeria monocytogenes

disease: listeriosis

Pathogen: bacterial

causes: food poisoning, placental barrier in pregnant women

No vaccine

recent outbreak in Bluebell Ice cream

Clostridium botulinium

Disease: Botulism

Pathogen: bacterial

Symptoms: muscular paralysis

found: soil and untreated water

No vaccine

Yellow Fever virus

Disease: yellow fever

pathogen: viral, flavivirus

vector: female Aedes mosquito

symptoms: jaundice

Vaccine

Shigella

Disease: dysentary

pathogen: bacterial or amoebic infection

symptoms: bloody diarrhea

Transmitted: when infected fecal matter enters a victim’s mouth

No vaccine

Naegleria Fowleri

Disease: brain eating amoeba

Pathogen: parasitic infection

Found in: warm freshwater lakes

Transmitted: water going up nose or being ingested

Very deadly

Giardia lamblia

disease: giardiasis (hiker’s diarrhea)

Pathogen: Protist parasite

Transmission: Contaminates food, water, and surfaces before being ingested by an organism

Fresh water contagion

No vaccines

Ebola

Disease: Hemorrhagic fever

pathogen: viral

symptoms: hemorrhagic fever, bleeding, lethality 50-90%

origin: Africa

Experimental vaccine

Zika

Disease: Zika

Pathogen: virus

Found: Brazil, Latin America, Florida

Vector: Mosquito, sexually

Symptoms: small rash, low fever or body aches, birth defects like microenchephaly

Vibrio cholera

disease: cholera

pathogen: bacterial

transmitted: fecal contamination of food/water

found: large outbreak in Yemen

symptoms: severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, shock, death

Vaccine

Myobacterium Tuberculosis

Disease: Tuberculosis; TB

Pathogen: bacteria

Symptoms: chronic respiratory disorders

Found: where people live in absolute poverty, poorly ventilated and overcrowded conditions

Dengue fever

Disease: denuge fever aka break bone fever

Pathogen: viral, flavivirus

Vector: mosquito

Similar to measles

Treatment: fluid replacement

Vaccine

SARS CoV-1

Disease: SARS

pathogen: viral

caused by: relatively new virus identified in 2003

transmitted: coughs or sneezes

symptoms: respiratory distress

found: Asian countries

no vaccine

West Nile

Disease: west nile

Pathogen: viral, flavivirus

vector: mosquito

symptomsL 90% infections asymptomatic

Found: Now in North Texas

No Vaccine

Bacillus athracis

Disease: Anthrax

Pathogen: bacteria

Found: soil

Resistant spores used for bioterror

Influenza

Disease: Flu

Pathogen: Virus

H1N1, RNA Virus

Caused several pandemics, new strain yearly

Vaccine