Chapter 16: The Special Senses - Vision

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on the special senses, specifically focusing on the anatomy and function of the eye.

Accessory structures of the eye

Includes components like eyelids, eyelashes, lacrimal glands, and conjunctiva that support the primary functions of vision.

The eyelids that separate by the palpebral fissure and connect at medial and lateral canthus.

Palpebrae

System that produces tears, consisting of the lacrimal glands, puncta, canaliculi, sac, and duct.

Lacrimal apparatus

The white outer layer of the eyeball, providing structure and protection.

Sclera

The transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil, allowing light to enter.

Cornea

The innermost layer of the eye containing photoreceptors (rods and cones) that convert light into neural signals.

Retina

Structure in the eye that controls the shape of the lens and produces aqueous humor.

Ciliary body

The process by which the lens changes shape to focus on near or distant objects.

Accommodation

Also known as nearsightedness, a visual condition where light focuses in front of the retina.

Myopia

Also known as farsightedness, a visual condition where light focuses behind the retina.

Hyperopia

Cells in the retina including rods (sensitive to light) and cones (responsible for color vision).

Photoreceptors

Light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells, essential for low-light vision.

Rhodopsin

Fluid produced by the ciliary body that fills the anterior chamber of the eye.

Aqueous humor

Gel-like substance that fills the posterior cavity of the eye, providing support.

Vitreous humor

Ability to recognize different colors based on the types of cones stimulated.

Color vision

The route taken by visual information from the retina to the primary visual cortex in the brain.

Visual pathway