Biology-Chemicals of Life

carbohydrates

sugars used by cells to produce energy for respiration.

made out of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen (CH₂O)

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

classes - .

monosaccharides

simple sugars

include glucose, fructose and galactose( C₆H₁₂O₆ )

disaccharides

when two monosaccharides join.

include maltose, sucrose and lactose

maltose

glucose + glucose

sucrose

glucose + fructose

lactose

glucose + galactose

polysaccharides

most complex carbs made of many monosaccharides

include plants{starch and cellulose} and animals/fungi{glycogen}

starch

made by joining glucose molecules

branched or unbranched chains

is stored by plants to store glucose

cellulose

found inside cell walls

made of many glucose molecules

made of unbranched, straight chains of glucose molecules

support and protection for plants

glycogen

made of branched chains of glucose molecules

serve as energy storage

produced by animals

proteins

used by organisms for growth and repair of damaged cells

made of amino acids( essential and nonessential )

made when many polypeptide chains join together.

dipeptide

when two amino acids join

polypeptide

when many dipeptdes join

deamination

when excess amino acids are broken down into ammonia and then into urea in liver cells.

fats( lipids)

alternative source of energy

heat insulators

molecules consist of 3 fatty acids that are chemically joined together to form triglycerides.

vitamins

organic compounds needed in very small amounts