Quality Management, Leadership, Motivation, and Team Building

Flashcards covering key concepts from lecture notes on quality management, leadership, motivation, and team building.

Kaoru Ishikawa

Father of Quality Circles; introduced quality circles in Japan, developed the Cause-and-Effect Diagram, believed quality issues stem from not understanding the root cause. Engineering professor at the University of Tokyo and a student of Dr. W. Edwards Deming.

Cause-and-Effect Diagram

Also called Ishikawa or Fishbone Diagram, used to identify root causes of problems.

Genichi Taguchi

Mechanical Engineer who believed 80% of defects are due to poor product design. Focused on designing quality into the product from the beginning, rather than correcting it later.

Quality (Taguchi's Definition)

The loss imparted to society from the time the product is shipped, including customer dissatisfaction, poor performance, product failure, and negative social/environmental effects.

Shigeo Shingo

Co-creator of the Toyota Production System with Taiichi Ohno. Contributed Just-in-Time (JIT), SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Dies), and Zero Quality Control (ZQC).

Just-in-Time (JIT)

Producing only what is needed, when it is needed. Eliminates waste and promotes continuous improvement.

SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Dies)

Reduces setup times in manufacturing from hours to minutes, encouraging small batch or even single unit production.

Zero Quality Control (ZQC)

Prevent defects at the source rather than correcting them after production. Relies on Poka-Yoke (error-proofing methods).

Masaaki Imai

Introduced Kaizen to the West in his book 'Kaizen: The Key to Japan’s Competitive Success' (1986).

Kaizen

Continuous improvement involving everyone.

Team Training

Important because many employees are unfamiliar with working in teams. Training should be experimental, practical, include role-playing and case studies, and be delivered by credible trainers.

Steps in Team Training

Awareness, Acceptance, Adaption, Behavior Change

Performance Appraisal Methods

Ranking, Narrative, Graphic, Forced Choice

Recognition and Awards

Important for boosting morale, motivation, and satisfaction, and showing employees they are valued. Includes bonuses, promotions, public recognition, certificates, and non-monetary rewards.

Leadership

The art of motivating people to achieve a common goal; someone who inspires, not someone who uses fear.

Effective Leaders Must Understand

People want both security and independence, respond to praise and kind words, trust actions more than words, are self-motivated and like control over meaningful tasks, and a leader should focus on key values to guide behavior.

Core Values of Quality Management

Customer-Driven Quality, Leadership, Continuous Improvement, Employee Participation, Fast Response, Design Quality & Prevention, Long-Term Outlook, Management by Fact, Partnership Development, Corporate Responsibility

Motivation in Japanese Organizations

Stems from supervisors, managers, and colleagues. Emphasizes job security, communication, and recognition.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Survival, Security, Social, Esteem, Self-Actualization

Theory X

Employees are lazy, lack ambition, avoid responsibility, and must be motivated using rewards, coercion, and punishment. Not ideal for modern companies.

Theory Y

Employees are naturally motivated, self-directed, seek responsibility, and motivation comes from trust, challenging work, and development opportunities.

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

Hygiene Factors (basic needs to prevent dissatisfaction) and Motivators (drive satisfaction).

Team Building

A management technique used to enhance efficiency and performance of workgroups. Involves analysis, observation, and skill-based activities. Aims to help the organization achieve its goals and objectives through collaboration.

Team Building Process

Identify the Need, Define Objectives and Required Skills, Consider Team Roles, Determine a Strategy, Develop a Team, Establish and Communicate the Rules, Identify Individual Strengths, Be a Part of the Team, Monitor Performance, Schedule Meetings, Dissolve the Team

Advantages of Team Building

Identifies Strengths and Weaknesses, Directs Toward Vision and Mission, Develops Communication and Collaboration, Establishes Roles and Responsibilities, Initiates Creative Thinking and Problem-Solving, Builds Trust and Morale, Introduces and Manages Change, Facilitates Delegation, Improves Productivity