MED TERM - Rutgers exam

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164 Terms

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prefix

found at the beginning of a word (usually indicates time, location, or quantity)

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anxiety disorders

irrational dread of everyday situations

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suffix

found at the end of the word

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combining form

helps to tie the root with the rest of the word

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word root

makes up the main meaning of a word

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combining two word roots

combining two word roots, a combining form is added to the first root word

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abbreviation rules

used frequently to record long and complex medical terms

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-algia

pain

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abduction

away from

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-dextr

right

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-sinistr

left

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malaise

discomfort

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hypochondriac region

covered by lower ribs

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iliac region

below the pelvis

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anatomical position

stand upright, facing forward arms at the side, palms facing forward

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homeostasis

maintain internal environment

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midsagittal plane

divides into equal left and right halves

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frontal plane (coronal)

divides into anterior and posterior

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transverse plane

divides into superior and inferior

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epithelial tissue

protective covering for internal and external surfaces of body

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cephalic

toward the head

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caudal

toward the feet

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-pathy

disease

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dorsal cavity

refers to the back of the body

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chromosome

genetic structures within the nucleus ; contains the body's genes

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axial skeleton

protects major organs of nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems

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appendicular skeleton

appendages (arms, legs)

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functions of the skeletal system

framework of the body, provide support and protection, provide body movements, storage of important minerals, red bone marrow

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patella

kneecap

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ischium

forms lower portion of pubic bone ; bears weight of body when sitting

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red bone marrow

located in spongy bone

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rheumatologist

specializes in diagnosis/treatment of arthritis and inflammation of joints and connective tissue

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arthroplasty

surgical repair of damaged joint

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osteoporosis

marked loss of bone density with increase in bone porosity, older people at risk

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ankylosis

loss or absence of mobility in a joint

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cartilaginous joints

allow slight movement of a joint

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fibrous joints

holds the bones tightly together

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synovial joints

provides variety of joint movement

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avascular necrosis

death of bone tissue due to insufficient blood flow

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functions of muscular system

holding body erect, generating body heat, moving food through digestive system, assisting with blood flow, moving fluids through ducts/tubes

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myofascial pain syndrome

chronic pain affecting muscles and fascia throughout the whole body

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visceral muscle

located within internal organs, involuntary, unstriated

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sternocleidomastoid

bends the neck and rotates the head

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sarcopenia

loss of muscle mass, strength, and function

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achilles tendon

calf muscle to heel bone

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myoparesis

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

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fascia

band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles

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contracture

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and skin

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tendonitis

inflammation of tendons due to overuse

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paraplegia

paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body

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atrophy

weakness/wearing away of body tissues and structures

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extension

straightening out of a limb

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cramp

painful localized spasm

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pulmonary veins

carry oxygenated blood from lungs into left atrium

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atrium

blood enters heart through these upper chambers

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ventricles

pump blood throughout the body ; two lower chambers

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artery

carry blood away from the heart

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vein

carry blood toward the heart

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cardiac arrest

heart abruptly stops beating

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endarterial

inner portion of an artery

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sinoatrial node

pushes blood into the ventricles to AV node

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erythrocytes

mature red blood cells that transports oxygen to the tissues

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ischemia

insufficient supply of oxygen to the tissues

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cardiomyopathy

term to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

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bradycardia

resting heart rate below 60 beats/minute

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thrombocytopenia

abnormally small number of circulating platelets

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arterial stenosis

narrowing of arteries

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phagocytes

destroys cell debris, dust, pollen, and pathogens by phagocytosis

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malignant

cancerous tumor

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in situ

remains in original position

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candida albicans

pathogenic yeast

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interstitial fluid function

delivers nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells

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chemoprevention

use of natural or synthetic substances to reduce the risk of cancer development

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metastasis

process by which cancer is spread to a new site

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larynx

voice box ; located between pharynx and trachea (vocal cords)

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nasopharyngeal tonsils

located behind the nose and roof of the mouth

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wheezing

high pitched whistling sound during breathing

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laryngectomy

surgical removal of the larynx

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upper respiratory tract

nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea

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acute nasopharyngitis

describe the common cold ; usually due to human rhinovirus

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sinus

a cavity to make bones of skull lighter, give resonance to the voice, and secrete mucus

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alveoli (air sacs)

grapelike clusters ; site of gas exchange

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pulmonary function test

group of tests measuring volume/flow of air

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olfactory epithelium

nerve endings acting as receptors for sense of smell

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pleural effusion

excess accumulation of fluid in pleural space

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bradypnea

less then 10 breaths/minute

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cyanosis

bluish discoloration

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anabolism

builds up cells by use of nutrients

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catabolism

breaks down cells releasing energy and CO2

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functions of the liver

removing toxins from blood, turning food into fuel

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mastication

chewing

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diverticulitis

inflammation of diverticula

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regurgitation

return of swallowed food into the mouth

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food allergy

immune system reactions occurring after the eating of certain foods

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appendectomy

surgical removal of appendix

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urinary bladder

located behind pubic symphysis, muscular reservoir for urine

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benign prostatic hyperplasia

enlargement of prostate gland

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nephrons

site of urine production using filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

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hydronephrosis

swelling of one or both kidneys to obstruction resulting in a backup of urine

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nephritis

inflammation of kidneys