getting nervous hbs quest

The nervous system can be divided structurally. What subdivision makes up the brain and spinal cord?

Central Nervous System

what makes up the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord?

Peripheral Nervous System

The nervous system can further be divided based on nerve fibers that carry information To the CNS versus nerve fibers that carry info FROM the CNS. Which subdivision is the sensory and which is the motor?

motor division

What type of motor fibers are under voluntary control? What type of motor fibers are under involuntary control?

skeletal muscle

smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

Sympathetic

body is under stress, “fight or flight” system: increases heart & respiratory rate, diverts blood flow from digestive tract to muscles

parasympathetic

body is not under stress, “rest and digest” system: slows heart & respiratory rate, increases digestive activity

The CNS is protected by a special covering called what?

meninges

name 4 lobes

Frontal Lobe

higher level thinking, reasoning, personality, emotions & behavior, speaking, movement

Parietal lobe

sensation (touch, pain, & temp), spatial awareness, taste

Temporal lobe

hearing, smelling, memory

Occipital Lobe

vision

Thalamus

sorts data as it comes into the brain and sends that data to the proper part of the cerebrum

Hypothalamus

Maintains homeostasis (body temp, metabolism, etc)

Pituitary gland

“master gland” that controls all of the other hormone producing glands

Pineal gland

secretes a hormone called melatonin which regulates the sleep and awake cycle

Midbrain

in charge of auditory and visual reflexes, sound and sight

Pons

Latin for “bridge”, communication hub between the cerebellum and motor/sensory cortex that helps you to better coordinate movement

Medulla Oblongata

controls vitals like breathing rate, heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion, plays a role in reflexes like swallowing, coughing, and vomiting

what does the cerebellum do?

Large cauliflower-like part inferior to the occipital lobe

Latin for “little brain”

Maintains balance

Helps muscles coordinate and refine movements so they happen smoothly

where and what is the spinal cord

top of back to mid back

sends nerve signals

control center for reflexes

a synonym for a nerve cell is a

neuron

what do neurons do

send and receive electrical and chemical signals to communicate

what type of nerve cell receives send info about stimuli and sends it to the cns

sensory cells

interneurons

located inside the cns, connect sensory and motor neurons inside the brain and spinal cord

Motor neurons

Send impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands

multipolar

what is a type of glial cell wrapped around the nerve cell

schwann cell

when a neuron is not sending messages what is the charge inside the cell

negative

what part of the nerve cell releases neurotransmitters

axon terminal

once neaurotransmitters attach to the dendrites of the next neuron what ion channels open? do its ions rush in or out? how does this change the charge of the cell.

Sodium channels open

Na+ rush into the cell, making the inside have a positive charge