NCM 120 - Decent Work Employment and Transcultural Nursing Flashcards

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering theoretical foundations, cultural models, assessment guidelines, belief systems, and lifespan considerations in transcultural nursing.

Transcultural Nursing

A formal area of study and practice focused on comparative human-care differences and similarities of the beliefs, values, and patterned lifeways of cultures to provide culturally congruent, meaningful, and beneficial health care to people.

Madeleine Leininger

Founder of Transcultural Nursing and the first professional nurse with graduate preparation to earn a PhD in cultural and social anthropology, who studied the Gadsup people of the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea.

Care (Leininger)

Assisting others with real or anticipated needs to improve human conditions or face death.

Culture (Leininger)

Learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways guiding thinking, decisions, and actions.

Culture Care Diversity

Differences in meanings, values, or acceptable forms of care between groups.

Culture Care Universality

Common, care, or similar meanings evident among many cultures.

The Sunrise Model

A conceptual framework designed by Madeleine Leininger to guide nurses in discovering cultural care dimensions, including technological, religious/philosophical, kinship/social, cultural values, political/legal, economic, and educational factors.

Cultural Care Preservation/Maintenance

A mode of culturally congruent care that helps patients retain core cultural care values to support health needs, such as supporting traditional dietary practices compatible with health needs.

Cultural Care Accommodation/Negotiation

A mode of culturally congruent care involving creative actions to adapt or negotiate with the healthcare community for shared goals, such as negotiating prayer times with medication schedules.

Cultural Care Re-Patterning/Restructuring

A mode of culturally congruent care that helps patients modify health behaviors toward beneficial outcomes while respecting cultural values, such as adjusting traditional remedies that conflict with prescribed treatments.

Andrews/Boyle Transcultural Interprofessional Practice (TIP) Model

A transcultural model developed by Margaret M. Andrews and Joyceen S. Boyle to provide a patient-centered, systematic process for delivering safe, culturally congruent, competent, affordable, accessible, evidence-based, and quality care across the lifespan.

Cultural Imposition

The act of imposing one's own cultural values on patients, which ethical imperatives in transcultural nursing mandate preventing.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own culture is superior to others, leading unaware nurses to judge others according to their own group standards.

Culturally Competent Care

A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that enable health care professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations.

Cultural Desire

A dimension in Campinha-Bacote's model represented by the key question: "Do I really want to become culturally competent?"

Cultural Awareness

A dimension in Campinha-Bacote's model represented by the key question: "Am I aware of my prejudices towards others?"

Cultural Knowledge

A dimension in Campinha-Bacote's model represented by the key question: "Am I knowledgeable about other cultural groups?"

Cultural Skill

A dimension in Campinha-Bacote's model represented by the key question: "Do I have sufficient skill to make a responsive cultural assessment?"

Cultural Encounters

A dimension in Campinha-Bacote's model represented by the key question: "Do I want to encounter persons different from me?"

Culture Brokers

Respected culture insiders who negotiate consensus between the patient and the healthcare team.

Efficacious Cultural Practices

Cultural practices that are beneficial to health, which nurses should support and encourage.

Deleterious Cultural Practices

Cultural practices that are harmful to health, which nurses must resolve with respectful, carefully worded explanations.

Rapport

A relationship of mutual trust and understanding between a healthcare provider and a patient that increases satisfaction and improves health history accuracy.

Cultural Assessment

A systematic process to gather information about a patient's cultural background, beliefs, and values that may affect their health.

The LEARN Model

A cultural assessment framework comprising five steps: Listen (hear patient's perception), Explain (share perspective), Acknowledge (discuss differences/similarities), Recommend (suggest plan), and Negotiate (agree on a plan).

The 4 C's of Culture

Kleinman's set of assessment questions consisting of Cause ("What do you think caused this problem?"), Cure ("What do you think will make it better?"), Cope ("How does this affect your daily life?"), and Concerns ("What are your main worries?").

Magico-Religious Beliefs

A health belief system where illness is viewed as caused by supernatural forces, punishment, or spirits, and interventions include prayer, rituals, exorcism, or amulets.

Scientific (Biomedical) Beliefs

A health belief system where illness is viewed as caused by germs, genetics, or physics/chemistry, and interventions include surgery, pharmaceuticals, and lab tests.

Holistic (Naturalistic) Beliefs

A health belief system where illness is viewed as caused by imbalance in the body (e.g., Yin/Yang, Hot/Cold, Humors), and interventions involve restoring balance through diet, herbs, and lifestyle.

Biomedicine (Allopathy)

A healing system focused on the suppression or removal of symptoms and disease agents using technology and pharmacology with the goal of cure.

Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM)

A healing system focused on balance and energy using tools such as acupuncture, chiropractic care, and herbalism.

Traditional/Indigenous Healing

A healing system focused on community and spiritual harmony using tools such as rituals, shamans, sweat lodges, and prayer with the goal of wholeness.

Prescriptive Beliefs

Cultural beliefs during pregnancy that describe what actions or behaviors should be done for a healthy baby (e.g., wearing loose clothing, attending antenatal clinic).

Restrictive Beliefs

Cultural beliefs during pregnancy that describe behaviors or actions to avoid for a healthy baby (e.g., avoiding tight clothing, avoiding certain foods).

Lying-in Period

A traditional postpartum practice common in many Asian cultures that protects the mother and newborn during vulnerable periods through activity limitations, dietary restrictions, and rituals.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Erik Erikson's psychosocial developmental stage during young adulthood ($20$\text{--}$40\text{s}$) focused on forming intimate relationships and friendships.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Erik Erikson's psychosocial developmental stage during middle adulthood ($40$\text{--}$65$) focused on contributing to society, raising children, or mentoring.

Ageism

Negative stereotypes about aging that can lead to poor health outcomes and a lack of respect in healthcare settings for older adults.

The "Sandwich Generation"

Adults who are simultaneously caring for both their children and their aging parents, resulting in added financial and emotional strain.