Unit 2: Nutrients Questions

What is simple diffusion?

The process by which molecules of a solvent or solute attempt to disperse to establish equilibrium.

Define osmosis.

A form of diffusion where water moves across a semi-permeable membrane to equalize concentrations.

What does active transport require that diffusion does not?

Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move nutrients against a concentration gradient.

What is pinocytosis?

The process by which a cell absorbs selected fats and proteins through the 'drinking' of substances.

List two factors that can lead to nutritional disorders.

1. Direct increase or decrease of a dietary nutrient.

2. Imbalances in rations.

What is the significance of water in an animal's diet?

Water is the single most important nutrient and is crucial for survival, playing roles in physiological functions.

How does water aid in thermoregulation?

Water picks up heat from metabolic reactions and transports it away, allowing for efficient heat loss through evaporation.

What are the 3 primary sources of water intake for animals?

1. Metabolic water (produced from oxidation)

2. Water from food

3. Drinking water

What is the major site of water absorption in the digestive system?

The large intestine (cecum and colon) is the major site for water absorption.

What are carbohydrates commonly classified based on?

1. Number of carbon atoms in the sugar molecule

2. Number of sugar molecules in the compound

What are monosaccharides?

Simple sugars that consist of a single sugar molecule and contain 3-7 carbon atoms.

Which two molecules are linked to form a disaccharide?

Two monosaccharides linked together.

What is dietary fiber?

Polysaccharides of plant origin that are not starch, important for gastrointestinal function.

How are triglycerides processed during lipid digestion?

Triglycerides are emulsified by bile and digested by lipase to form free fatty acids and monoglycerides.

What is energy toxicity in relation to lipids?

Toxicity caused by overconsumption of energy-dense lipids, leading to weight gain and associated health issues.

What are essential fatty acids?

Fatty acids that the body cannot produce and must be obtained from the diet.

Why must animals have access to clean water?

Free access to clean water allows animals to regulate their water balance and prevents toxicity from dehydration.

Explain the role of sodium/potassium pumps in nutrient absorption.

These pumps help re-establish membrane potential by moving sodium out of the cell, which requires energy.

What happens to excess glucose in the body?

Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

How does water influence fecal consistency?

Water is reabsorbed from feces; inadequate water leads to harder feces and difficulty in bowel movements.

What is the primary function of lipids in the diet?

Fats provide the most concentrated form of energy, along with other roles such as insulation and structural components.