Pharmacology Week 11 Exam 3: Vitamins, Minerals, Medical Marijuana

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A, D, E, K

vitamin A helps with

bone growth, maintenance of epithelia tissues, skin, eyes, hair

hypervitaminosis A

Teratogenic effect to fetus, hair loss, peeling skin, anorexia, abdominal pain, lethargy, nausea and vomiting

hypovitaminosis A

night blindness, progress to blindness

Vitamin D helps with

regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and assists with calcium absorption

Hypervitaminosis D

hypercalcemia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting

vitamin D compounds

-vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol)

-vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)

hypovitaminosis D

rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults

action of vitamin E

antioxidant, protects cellular changes and RBCs from hemolysis

side effects of vitamin E

GI upset, fatigue, weakness, headache, bleeding

considerations of vitamin E

should not be given with iron and can prolong PT time

vitamin k helps with

synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors VII, IX, and X and prevents hemorrhage

hypervitaminosis K

clots/block blood flow, leading to stroke or MI

hypovitaminosis K

bruising, bleeding, dark stools

water soluble vitamins

B, C, folic acid, B12

B1 (thiamine)

deficiency can lead to polyneuritis and Wernicke encephalopathy

B2 (riboflavin)

dermatologic problems and migraines

B3 (niacin)

pellagra and hyperlipidemia

B6 (pyridoxine)

neuritis, building blocks of nucleic acids

vitamin C helps in

• absorption of iron

• conversion of folic acid

• carbohydrate metabolism

• protein lipid synthesis

• collagen synthesis

• prevention of scurvy

hypervitaminosis C

nausea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea

folic acid is important for

body growth and DNA synthesis

deficiency symptoms of folic acid

CNS defects of fetus, alopecia, diarrhea, anorexia, blood dycrasias 

vitamin b12

essential for DNA synthesis, aids in conversion of folic acid, hematopoiesis, maintains nervous system

hypovitaminosis B12

numbness, fatigue, loss of taste, weakness, anorexia, diarrhea, dementia, psychosis

who is at risk for a vitamin B12 deficiency

people with pernicious anemia or vegetarians

Minerals include

iron, copper, zinc, chromium, and selenium

iron

hemoglobin regeneration, increase of iron needed in pregnancy

signs of low iron levels

fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, in severe cases GI bleeding

iron toxicity

hemorrhage

copper

formatting of RBCs and connective tissues, produces neurotransmitters NE and dopamine

excessive copper is

Wilson's disease

copper deficiency

anemia, abnormal skin and blood changes glucose intolerance, decrease of skin pigmentation, mental retardation

zinc

important in growth, appetite, testicular maturation, skin integrity, mental activity, wound healing and immunocompetence

excess zinc may cause

a copper deficiency, a decrease in HDL, and a weakened immune response

chromium

Required for proper carbohydrate, lipid, and nucleic acid metabolism in the human body

Chromium deficiency

Hypoglycemia, dizziness, sleepiness, excessive thirst

Chromium toxicity

GI bleeding, coagulopathy, seizures, decreased pulmonary function

Selenium

Plays a crucial role in reproduction, thyroid hormone metabolism,DNA synthesis,and protection ofoxidative damage and infection

Selenium deficiency

hypothyroidism, muscle weakness, myalgia

Excess selenium

Weakness, hair loss, dermatitis, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, garlic odor to skin and breath

T or F: health care provides prescribe cannabis

FALSE, they do not

Withdrawal syndrome

insomnia, loss of appetite, restlessness,, irritability, anger, unpleasant dreams

risk to specific groups of medical marijuana

adolescence, neonates, fertility

when can a nurse administer cannabis or synthetic THC to a patient

with the administration of FDA-approved synthetic THC and as a registered MMP designated caregiver

which of the following is not a fat soluble vitamin

a Vitamin A

b Vitamin D

c Vitamin C

d Vitamin K

C

what can a lack of vitamin A cause

a night blindess

b hemorrhage

c nausea

d brittle bones

A

what illness is caused by a lack of vitamin C

a rickets

b influenza

c anemia

d scurvy

D

What is an important function of Vitamin K

a assists with clotting

b sharpens vision

c boosts immunity

d improve wound healing

A

folic acid has all the following effects on the body except

a body growth

b DNA synthesis

c healthy fetal development

d alopecia

D

the medical term for vitamin B12 actions on RBC production is

a lysis

b hematopoiesis

c leukopenia

d synthesis

B

examples of iron rich food include all except

a liver

b spinach

c beans

d oranges

D

which important role does zinc play in the human body

a aids in the immune system

b improves hair growth

c enhance night vision

d promotes fertility

A

what is the term MMP an abbreviation for

a mixed methods pedagogy

b medical marijuana program

c marijuana management procedure

d marijuana and medical partners

B

To whom would it be appropriate to administer medical marijuana

a a neonate with pain from congenital problems

b an Adolescent with chronic pain from a sports injury

c an adult with epilepsy

d a pregnant woman with multiple sclerosis

C

Which of the following is not a condition that meets criteria for medical marijuana

a cancer

b pregnancy

c HIV/AIDS

d ALS

B

Which of the following is not part of the procedure for a patient obtaining medical marijuana

a patient has qualifying medical condition

b provider prescribes

c patient registers with MMP

d patient procures medical marijuana from dispensary

B

The nurse is reviewing a patient's laboratory test results and current medications and notes that the patient's prothrombin time is prolonged. The nurse checks the patient's medication list. What vitamin or mineral might be contributing to this?

a. Vitamin A

b. Selenium

c. Vitamin D

d. Vitamin E

D

A patient comes to the office with a chief complaint of hair loss and peeling skin. The nurse notes many vitamins and minerals are on the medication list. The patient reports using vitamins to treat liver disease. The patient's complaint may be caused by an excess of which vitamin or mineral?

a. Vitamin A

b. Zinc

c. Vitamin C

d. Vitamin D

A

The nurse routinely includes health teaching about vitamins to patients. Vitamin D has a major role in which process?

a. Prevention of night blindness and improve vision

b. Regulating calcium and phosphorous metabolism

c. Important for growth and development in children

d. Responsible for DNA and prothrombin synthesis

B

The nurse is doing preconception counseling with a patient. The patient asks why she must take folic acid (folate) during pregnancy. What is the nurse's response?

a. Folic acid prevents neural tube defects in the developing fetus.

b. Folic acid is known to lower blood glucose in diabetic patients.

c. Folic acid in the gastrointestinal system prevents celiac disease.

d. Folic acid will prevent migraine headaches in pregnant women.

A

A patient asks the nurse for information about fat-soluble vitamins. What is the nurse's best response?

a. Fat-soluble vitamins are metabolized rapidly.

b. Fat-soluble vitamins cannot be stored in the liver.

c. Fat-soluble vitamins are excreted slowly in urine.

d. Fat-soluble vitamins can never be toxic.

C

A patient complains of night blindness. The nurse correctly recommends which foods?

a. Skim milk and peas

b. Fortified milk and eggs

c. Nuts and yeast

d. Enriched breads and cereals

B

Which vitamin plays a major role in regulating calcium and phosphorus absorption?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

D