Nationalism Social 20-1 FINAL

nationalism

love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

nation

a people who see themselves as unified nationally

nation state

a politically recognized country

ethnic nationalism

love of country based on shared ancestry, common language, common heritage/bloodlines, culture, religion and other genetically acquired characteristics

civic nationalism

form of nationalism in which the state derives political legitimacy from the active participation of its citizenry. Liberal values of freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual rights are considered the ties that bind people to their country, not ethnicity.

Napoleon Bonaparte

the French dictator who expanded France's empire across most of Europe and brought many efficient reforms to a country that had been in turmoil for a decade prior to his rule.

Old Regime/ Ancien Regime

the period of time in France under the rule of the monarchy when society was sharply divided into three estates and the majority of the people lived with few rights in poverty.

The Enlightenment

A philosophical movement which started in Europe in the 1700's and spread to the colonies. It emphasized reason and the scientific method. Writers of the enlightenment tended to focus on government, ethics, and science, rather than on imagination, emotions, or religion. Many members of the Enlightenment rejected traditional religious beliefs in favor of Deism, which holds that the world is run by natural laws without the direct intervention of God.

Bastille

French fortress representing the monarch that was stormed on July 14, 1789 when angry citizens began the French Revolution.

Louis XVI

The ineffective king who ruled France when the 1789 revolution began.

First Estate

The monarch and clergy. They had many privileges in France's Old Regime, but made up only a tiny fraction of the population.

Second Estate

The nobility in France's Old Regime. They owned land on which peasants laboured, had hunting rights, could choose their punishments if they committed a crime and paid nearly no taxes.

Third Estate

The majority of France's Old Regime with 98% of the population. They bore the enormous tax burden and had no rights or privileges.

bourgeosie

The richer among the former French Third Estate. Included doctors, wealthy mercants, lawyers and others who were educated, and influenced by Enlightenment ideas they demanded more equality in rights.

Reign of Terror

the period during the French Revolution in the early 1790s when anyone suspected of counter-revolutionary thought was executed at the guillotine.

Russian Campaign

Napoleon's downfall. This mission cost him most of his army due to the scorched earth policy practiced by his enemy. Most of his army died of starvation or freezing before they saw combat. This allowed his other enemies to team up and defeat him soon after while his army was dramatically reduced.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

This was the new constitution that the National Assembly wrote that gave all citizens free expression of thoughts and opinions and guaranteed equality before the law

liberte, egalite, fraternite

the motto of the French Revoltuion, proclaiming "freedom, equality and brotherhood" as the principles of this new republic.

republic

a form of government whose head of state is not a monarch

100 days

the period Napoleon spent in exile on Elba before he came back to France and restored himself as emperor, deposing the last of the Bourbon kings, Louis XVI.

St. Helena

the island in the middle of the Atlantic ocean where Napoleon spent his final years, exiled from France.

sovereignty

independence

sovereignist

the term used to refer to Quebecois people who want the province to become an independent nation state

federalist

the term used to refer to Quebecois people who want the province to stay in Canada, as it is.

referenda

two special votes held in 1980 and 1995 asking Quebecois if they wished to separate from Canada.

Oka Crisis

a tense protest by the Mohawk people of Kanesetake, near Oka, Quebec after the town approved expansion of a golf course onto their sacred land. The army was sent in to forcefully remove barricades.

Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples

a Canadian government comission investigating the tension between Canada's First Nations and the government in the 1990s that concluded Aboriginals needed to be granted more self-determination and control over their lands.

self-determination

control over one's own affairs.

Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism

a Canadian government comission investigating the tension between Canada's government and francophones in Quebec. Recommended that francophones be given more opportunity to participate in society and more jobs for them be created.

Official Languages Act

Made Canada officially bilingual in 1969, so federal services must be available in both languages.

Bill 101

A controversial law in Quebec in 1977 that made French the only official language of the province and forced businesses to employ French speakers and have to offer services in French. Angered many of Quebec's Anglophones.

Western Alienation

the feeling that Eastern Canada is favoured in Canadian policy making

National Energy Programme (NEP)

The 1980 policy implemented by Trudeau that aimed to encourage Canadian ownership in Canada's oilsands. Taxed foreign companies greatly and caused many of them to pull out of Alberta, damaging the economy.

cultural pluralism

Promoting for many cultures to coexist within a society and maintain their cultural differences.

appeasement

Satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability.

lebensraum

the German policy of wishing to expand their land.

national interests

something that will benefit that nation or country

Franz Ferdinand

Austro-Hungarian archduke whose assassination in Sarajevo by the "black hand" caused Austria-Hungary to deliver an ultimatum to Serbia, starting the First World War.

Triple Alliance

Central Powers in WWI. Included Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.

Triple Entente

Allies in WWI. Included British Empire (including Canada), France, Russia, and eventually USA.

Vimy Ridge

one of Canada's most impressive WWI victories, taking a French hill that other forces were unable to from the Germans. One of the battles that earned the Canadians the reputation they got as good fighters after WWI.

arms race

competition to build up the best and most powerful weapons in order to prove military prowess.

genocide

systematic killing of a racial or cultural group

League of Nations

International organization founded to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s.

Treaty of Versailles

Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons.

Ottoman Empire

fought on the losing side of WWI, was seated in Turkey and dissolved after World War One into several semi- independent countries including Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Syria, Palestine, Turkey, Armenia.

Armenian genocide

1915 systematic extermination of male and forced conversion of female members of the Christian minority in the Ottoman Empire to Islam.

ultranationalism

Extreme nationalism often associated with fascism; a militant right-wing orientation typically characterized by militarism, racial bigotry, and xenophobia.

Holodomor

man-made famine in Ukraine in 1932-33 imposed by Stalin on Ukrainian peasants because they put up strongest resistance to his policies of collectivization and Russification.

kulak

wealthier peasants scapegoated in the USSR for being anti-communist

Holocaust

a methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

internment

forceful confinement in labour camps of peoples in Canada whose ethnic origin was in enemy countries during the World Wars.

War Measures Act

a former law in Canada that allowed for the suspension of rights as they are normally guaranteed to protect security. It was used in WWI to intern Ukrainian Canadians, WWII to intern Japanese Canadians and during the October Crisis to allow the arrest of anyone suspected as working with the FLQ.

Conscription Crisis (WWI)

the protest in Quebec about Borden's introduction of conscription in 1917 that led to violent riots that were supressed by the military who shot at crowds in Quebec, killing 4 and injuring dozens.

lusitania

the ship carrying Americans that was sunk in the First World War that motivated the public to support Wilson to lead the USA to join that war.

Russian Revolution

communist overthrow of tsar Nicholas II in Russia that resulted in Russia's early withdrawal from the First World War.

Emir Faisal

Arab prince who helped Britain and France secure victory in the Ottoman Empire, but was later betrayed by these powers who refused to grant him the autonomous control over an Arab state as promised.

Manchuria

Large region in China that was invaded and occupied by Japan prior to the Second World War.

Nanjing Massacre

Brutal crimes against humanity were committed in this former capital of China by the invading Japanese in 1937.

ethnic cleansing

the mass expulsion and killing of one ethic or religious group in an area by another ethnic or religious group in that area

United Nations (UN)

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security and human rights.

Tet Offensive

a massive surprise attack by the Vietcong on South Vietnamese towns and cities in early 1968. Caused the American public to question the war more than they had previously.

Nuremberg Trials

Series of trials in 1945 conducted by an International Military Tribunal in which former Nazi leaders were charged with crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and war crimes

bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki

August 6th, 1945- US dropped an atomic bomb Japanese Island Hiroshima- 73,000 Japanese died in the attack instantly- august 9th, US dropped a bomb on Nagasaki- killed 37500 Japanese- Radiation killed many more- because of this, the Japanese surrendered on September 2nd

decolonization

the action of changing from colonial to independent status

successor state

States that emerge out of former empires or other nation-states

Kosovo

A mainly ethnic Albanian region of Serbia that gained independence with the support of the UN and other major powers in 2008.

Bosnian War

1992-1995 war between various ethnic factions who declared independence from the former Yugoslavia.

Srebrenica massacre

killing of 8000 Bosniak men by units of the Army of Republika Srpska during the Bosnian War.

Tapiriit Kanatami

The Inuit interest group that lobbied to get more self-determination for the Inuit people and was instrumental in acheiving the special changes allowed when Nunavut became a territory in 1999.

Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty

international law which only allows the 5 permanent members of the UN's security council to possess nuclear weapons.

Kim Jong Un

The current leader of North Korea

Aung San Suu Kyi

the Burmese Nobel laureate who has succeeded in getting some economic sanctions against Burma lifted and fought a decades long campaign to promote democracy and human rights in spite of the military junta that leads her country still.

WHO

branch of the UN that aims to spread awareness about how to stop the spread of pandemics and other illnesses globally.

UNESCO

branch of the UN that promotes the preservation of unique sites of world heritage.

Mugabe

the president of Zimbabwe responsible for corruption and policies that have caused his country's economy to fail compared to neighboring states with similar history and resources.

Ottawa Treaty

international agreement to ban landmines. USA, India, China, Russia and other superpowers did not sign.

juche

North-Korean ideology in which it remains completely independent from other nations

European Union

an organization whose goal is to unite Europe so that goods, services, and workers can move freely among member countries

humanitarianism

doctrine that the highest moral obligation is to improve human welfare

human rights

the basic rights to which all people are entitled as human beings

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

UN's laws that set out human rights for all people globally including all people should have access to education, should not tortured, forced into labour or marriage against their will, people should have the right to free speech and association and should be able to participate in their government.

national myth

idealized or stereotypical stories promoted about a particular nation

supranationalism

submitting to the decisions and decrees of an international organization

arctic sovereignty

control over the north pole and resources beneath the sea there. Contested between Canada, USA, Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Norway.

Oxfam

NGO that aims to eradicate poverty by tackling its root causes.

Finland

country that has the highest ranked education system and negligible poverty rates.

peacekeeping

the efforts by third parties such as the UN to intervene in civil wars and/or interstate wars or to prevent hostilities between potential belligerents from escalating, so that by acting as a buffer a negotiated settlement of the dispute can be reached

Clifford Sifton

Canadian minister of the interior responsible for recruiting Ukrainian Canadians to the prairies.

Canadian Pacific Railroad

this needed to be constructed right after Confederation to unite Canada and prevent American manifest destiny. Many Chinese workers came to Canada to do dangerous and low paying jobs on its construction.