Exam Study Guide (2)

What was the question in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

The key question was whether Congress had the authority to create a national bank and whether the state of Maryland had the power to tax it.

What was the decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

The Supreme Court ruled that Congress had implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause to create a national bank, and that Maryland's tax on the bank was unconstitutional.

Relevant constitutional provisions in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

The Necessary and Proper Clause and the Supremacy Clause.

What was the question in Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)?

The question was whether the state of New York could grant a monopoly on steamboat operations that conflicted with a federal license.

What was the decision in Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)?

The Supreme Court decided that the federal government had the exclusive right to regulate interstate commerce, thereby invalidating the New York law.

Relevant constitutional provisions in Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

The Commerce Clause.

What was the question in United States v. Lopez (1990)?

The question was whether Congress had the constitutional authority to regulate guns in school zones under the Commerce Clause.

What was the decision in United States v. Lopez (1990)?

The Supreme Court ruled that carrying a gun in a school zone did not substantially affect interstate commerce, thus limiting Congress's powers.

Relevant constitutional provisions in United States v. Lopez (1990)

The Commerce Clause.

What was the question in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?

The question was whether the Fifth Amendment's protection against self-incrimination requires law enforcement to inform a detainee of their rights.

What was the decision in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?

The Supreme Court ruled that suspects must be informed of their rights to an attorney and against self-incrimination before being interrogated.

Relevant constitutional provisions in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

The Fifth Amendment.

What was the question in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

The question was whether racial segregation in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

What was the decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning the precedent set by Plessy v. Ferguson.

Relevant constitutional provisions in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

The Fourteenth Amendment.

What was the question in Engel v. Vitale (1962)?

The question was whether a state-sponsored school prayer violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

What was the decision in Engel v. Vitale (1962)?

The Supreme Court ruled that the state could not hold prayers in public schools, as it constituted an endorsement of religion.

Relevant constitutional provisions in Engel v. Vitale (1962)

The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

What was the impact of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) on federal authority?

McCulloch v. Maryland established that federal laws take precedence over state laws, reinforcing the power of Congress.

What implications did Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) have for state versus federal powers?

Gibbons v. Ogden clarified that states cannot interfere with the federal government's power to regulate interstate commerce.

What was a key consequence of United States v. Lopez (1990) for federal regulation?

United States v. Lopez emphasized the limits of Congress’s commerce power, marking a shift towards states' rights.

Why is Miranda v. Arizona (1966) significant in law enforcement?

Miranda v. Arizona established the necessity of informing individuals of their rights, leading to the creation of 'Miranda rights'.

What was the effect of the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) ruling on segregation?

Brown v. Board of Education declared that racial segregation in schools is unconstitutional, setting a precedent for civil rights.

How did Engel v. Vitale (1962) influence public school policies?

Engel v. Vitale set a precedent that limited state-sponsored religious practices in public education, reinforcing the separation of church and state.