HG & D - Reflexes

All reflexes (26)

Rooting

Sucking

Plantar Grasp

Hand Grasp

Babinski

Clonus

Standing

Automatic Walking

Placing

Incurvatum (Galant Reflex / Trunk)

Moro

Traction

Pull To Sit

ATNR

STNR

Tonic Labyrinthine (Supine)

Tonic Labyrinthine (Prone)

Neck Righting

Body Righting

Landau

Propping Reactions in Sitting (sideward)

Propping Reactions in Sitting (backward)

Forward Parachute

Tilting Reactions

Equilibrium Reactions

Stepping Reactions

- Rooting Stimulus

Stroke corner of mouth, upper lip, or lower lip.

- Rooting Response

Movement of head, mouth, or tongue toward stimulus. Mouth opens

- Rooting Onset Age

28 weeks gestation.

- Rooting Integration Age

3 months.

- Rooting Relevance

Helps infant locate feeding source.

- Sucking Stimulus

Place examiner's finger in infant's mouth.

- Sucking Response

Strong, rhythmical sucking.

- Sucking Onset Age

28 weeks gestation.

- Sucking Integration Age

2-5 months.

- Sucking Relevance

Facilitates ingestion of nourishment.

- Plantar Grasp Stimulus

Apply pressure to ball of foot.

- Plantar Grasp Response

Toe flexion.

- Plantar Grasp Onset Age

28 weeks gestation.

Plantar Grasp Integration Age

9 months.

- Plantar Grasp Relevance

Increases tactile input to sole of foot.

- Palmar Grasp Stimulus

Place finger in infant's palm.

- Palmar Grasp Response

Reflexive grasp.

- Palmar Grasp Onset Age

37 weeks gestation.

- Palmar Grasp Integration Age

4-6 months.

- Palmar Grasp Relevance

Increases tactile input on palm.

- Babinski Stimulus

Stroke sole of foot from heel to toe.

- Babinski Response

Big toe extension and fanning of other toes.

- Babinski Onset Age

Present at birth.

- Babinski Integration Age

Normal up to 12 months; abnormal after 2 years.

- Babinski Relevance

Indicates corticospinal tract development.

- Clonus Stimulus

Quick stretch of plantar flexors.

- Clonus Response

Brief beats are normal early; sustained beats are abnormal.

- Clonus Onset Age

Present at birth.

- Clonus Integration Age

Should resolve with maturation.

- Clonus Relevance

Indicates neurological integrity or pathology.

- Positive Support Stimulus

Support infant upright with feet touching surface.

- Positive Support Response

Legs and trunk stiffen into extension.

- Positive Support Onset Age

35 weeks gestation

- Positive Support Integration Age

2 months

- Positive Support Relevance

Prepares lower extremities for weight bearing.

- Automatic Stepping Stimulus

Tip infant forward in supported standing.

- Automatic Stepping Response

Rhythmic stepping movements.

- Automatic Stepping Onset Age

present at birth

- Automatic Stepping Integration Age

Disappears at 6 weeks; reappears voluntarily around 8-12 months.

- Automatic Stepping Relevance

Precursor to voluntary walking.

- Placing Stimulus

Brush dorsum of hand or foot against surface.

- Placing Response

Limb lifts to place on surface.

- Placing Onset Age

Present at birth

- Placing Integration Age

Varies; often persists as voluntary movement.

- Placing Relevance

Prepares for weight bearing and coordination

- Galant Stimulus

Stroke along spine from shoulders to buttocks in prone suspension.

- Galant Response

Lateral trunk flexion toward stimulus

- Galant Onset Age

32 weeks gestation

- Galant Integration Age

2 months

- Galant Relevance

Facilitates trunk stabilization and lateral movement.

- Moro Stimulus

Rapidly drop infant's head backward

- Moro Response

Phase 1: arm extension/abduction

Phase 2: arm flexion/adduction

- Moro Onset Age

28 weeks gestation

- Moro Integration Age

4-6 months

- Moro Relevance

Protective response; helps break up flexor tone.

Traction Stimulus

Grasp forearms and pull-to-sit

- Traction Response

Complete flexion of upper extremities

- Traction Onset Age

28 weeks gestation

- Traction Integration Age

2-5 months

Traction Relevance

Enhances reflexive grasp and UE control

ATNR

(Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex)

ATNR Stimulus

Cervical Rotation of infant's head and hold.

- ATNR Response

Extension on face side, flexion on skull side (fencing position)

ATNR Onset Age

37 weeks gestation

- ATNR Integration Age

4-6 months

- ATNR Relevance

Promotes visual hand regard; prepares for hand-eye coordination

STNR

(Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex)

- STNR Stimulus

Position infant in quadruped; flex or extend head

- STNR Response

Head flexion → UE flexion, LE extension; Head extension → UE extension, LE flexion.

- STNR Onset Age

4-6 months.

- STNR Integration Age

8-12 months

- STNR Relevance

Facilitates quadruped position; breaks up extensor posture

TLR

(Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex)

- TLR Supine Stimulus

Place infant in supine

- TLR Supine Response

Increased extensor tone

- TLR Supine Onset Age

37 weeks gestation

- TLR Supine Integration Age

6 months

- TLR Supine Relevance

Facilitates total-body extensor tone

- TLR Prone Stimulus

Place infant in prone

- TLR Prone Response

Increased flexor tone

- TLR Prone Onset Age

37 weeks gestation

- TLR Prone Integration Age

6 months

- TLR Prone Relevance

Facilitates total-body flexor tone