Cumulative Populations

Pneumonia is described as….

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs from bacterial, viral, or fungal

What question do you ask when a older individual falls (specifically in this event)?

Do you have osteoporosis?

The reason for this is that osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures from falls. They may not feel the pain or may not recognize an injury, making it crucial to assess their bone health. These breaks can also lead to bleeding.

Pulmonary Embolism is described as…

a condition that causes a sudden block-age of an artery in the lung by a venous clot

How do pulmonary embolisms usually occur?

clots develop in the legs or pelvis and then break off and embolize (move) to the lungs, obstructing blood flow.

A patient with pulmonary embolism will usually present with….

shortness of breath and sometimes chest pain.

In addition to this signs/symptoms include tachycardia, dyspnea, shoulder/back pain, cough, syncope, anxiety/impending doom/apprehension, low-grade fever, and hemoptysis (coughing up blood)

(Pulmonary embolisms can be confused with cardiac, lung, or muscle-related issues.)

Things that can lead to a pulmonary embolisms are these 11 things, what is the main one.

sedentary behavior. other factors include trauma cancer, history of blood clots, heart failure, pacemakers, central venous catheters, paralyzed extremities, obesity, use of birth control, smoking, infection with COVID-19, and recent long distance travel.

Arteriosclerosis is described as

a condition characterized by the thickening and hardening of arterial walls, leading to reduced blood flow and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. This contributes to systolic hypertension in the older population

Atherosclerosis is described as…

a form of arteriosclerosis involving the buildup of fats and cholesterol, which can include myocardial infarction

An aneurysm is described as… How does this effect the geriatric population primarily?

an abnormal, blood filled dilation of the wall of a blood vessel.

With aging, the blood vessels will thicken and ultimately the systolic BP get higher leading to…

The left ventricle get thicker and eventually loses elasticity.Resulting in decreased filling of the left ventricle.

Orthostatic hypotension is described as…

a decrease in BP caused by a change in position.

Venous Stasis is described as…

loss of proper function of the veins in the legs that would normally carry blood back to the heart.

Deep Venous Thrombosis is described as…

This condition creates problems such as blood clots in superficial veins and deep veins. Common;y caused by venous stasis, prolonged immobility, or injury to the veins. It can also lead to a pulmonary embolism

ascites

Fluid in the abdominal cavity

Peripheral Edema

swelling in the feet and legs

3 Main symptoms of right0sided heat failure

JVD, Ascites, peripheral edema (and possibly an Enlarged Liver)

What are the signs of left-sided heart failure 3-4

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

a condition that is characterized by sudden respiratory Distress that awakens a person at night when reclined

The leading cause of death in older people

CVA (stroke)

There is a ( ) % to ( ) % loss of neurons in older people

5%-50%

Cataracts

clouding of the lenses or their surrounding membranes, which interfere with vision and make it difficult to distinguish colors and see clearly

Presbycusis

age-related hearing loss

Dementia

the gradual onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function. (they also may exhibit delusions, hallucinations, or aggressive behavior)

Dementia can be caused by… What are three examples?

alzheimer’s, parkinson’s, CVAs

Delirium

a sudden change in mental status, consciousness, or cognitive processes.

Symptoms of Delirium

Acute onset of inability to focus, think logically, and maintain attention. Usually memory stays intact

What are the 4 Hs

Hypoxia, Hypovolemia, Hypoglycemia, Hypothermia

Syncope

Fainting (usually caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain

Possible causes of syncope

Dysrhythmias, heart attack, vascular/volume changes, Neurologic cause

Neuropathy

a disorder of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system in which the structure and function are impaired

Diverticulosis vs. Diverticulitis

Diverticulosis: a condition in which the walls of the gut weaken and small pouches protrude form the weakened segments.

Diverticulitis: when inflammation occurs in these pouches.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

develops in people with hypertension and atheroscleoris. The walls of aorta weaken and blood begins to leak causing a bulge. If the vessel bursts there is fatal blood loss

Symptoms of AAA

abdominal pain radiating through the back, demished pulses in extremtities, compensated or decompensated shock, and occasionally a pulsating mass above and slightly less the naval

HHNS

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonkinetic syndrome. It results in a shift in fluid in the intravascular space and dehydration,

What are the 3 Ps?

polydipsia (thirst), polyuria, and polyphagia (hunger)

WHat are the two major differences between DKA and HHNS

DKA: Blood glucose varies with Kussmaul Respirations

HHNS: over 600 mg/dl, no kussmaul resp.