Bus Inf Tech Exam 1

information system

a combination of people and
information technology (IT) that create, collect, process, store
and distribute information for a specific purpos

business event

a single business activity in a business process.

business model

a company’s plan for operations

franchise business model

allows individuals to purchase and run a franchise

freemium business model

offers free services but charging a fee to access upgraded features

(Dropbox)

peer-to-peer business model

connects

individuals with one another (Airbnb).

Operating business events

directly relate to the company’s creating

and providing a good or service to its customers.

direct-to-consumers

selling directly to customers (Shein)

Financing business events

all activities relating to the funding of the

business (applying for a loan)

Investing business events

The purchasing of long-term assets that will

deliver value in the future.

Information business events:

Involve an exchange of information, not

an exchange of economic resources.

Competitive advantage

any assets that

provide an organization with an edge against its

competitors in some measure

business process

an ongoing collection of

related business events designed to accomplish a

strategic objective

Efficiency

focuses on doing things well

Effectiveness

focuses on doing the things that matter

cross-functional

business processes

multiple functional areas collaborate to perform the

process.

how does information systems help business processes?

facilitate communication and coordination

among different functional areas, and allow easy

exchange of, and access to, data across

processes.

Robotic process automation (RPA)

a system that enables

enterprises to automate business processes and tasks that

historically were carried out by employees.

online transaction processing (OLTP)

supports core business functions (sales,

accounting, purchasing, etc)

online analytical processing (OLAP)

systems focus on

leveraging the data for information

Decision support systems (DSS)

Systems that assess large amounts of data, identify patterns

and analyze effects of business decisions to support

executives, managers and staff in business decision-making.

Management information systems (MIS)

assists in routine management decisions by

providing managers with useful information for

effective and timely decision making.

Transaction processing systems (TPS)

process day-to-day business activities, provide a

foundation for other systems, and capture data that is

fed through the higher-level systems.

Batch Processing

Data is collected continuously but processed later (payroll)

Real-Time Processing

A transaction is processed as it occurs (zelle)

Systems software

a platform for hardware and other

software that coordinates all the activities throughout the

system. (Windows/Mac)

Applications Software

an end-user

program that performs specific functions.

Software as a service (SaaS)

utilizes the internet to provide

customers with applications that are managed by the third-party

provider (Google Drive, Salesforce, Slack, Microsoft Office 365

Platform as a service (PaaS):

provides customers a platform for

software development that is delivered remotely. Developers

have access to maintained operating systems, servers, storage,

and networks and focus on design and building of application

software (Google App Engine, OpenShift)

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

provides customers with fully self-

service computers, networking, storage, and operating systems

through virtualized environments (Amazon Web Services, Microsoft

Azure

Data

facts and statistics

about a person or object that are

collected for reference or analysis

six data elements

bit, byte, field, record, file, database

Bit

an

individual

1 or 0 in

binary

code

Byte

A group

of bits that

represents an

alphabetic or

numeric

character or

a symbol.

Field

A group of

bytes that

identifies a

characteristic of

an entity. Each

field is defined

as a data type

(i.e. date, text,

number

Record

A

group of

related fields

that describes

an individual

instance of an

entity

File

A

group of

records

for one

specific

entity.

Database

A set of

logically

related

files

Unstructured Data

any data that is not stored in a fixed field of a record or a file.

⚬ photographs, emails, PDFs

Static data

remains the same after it

is recorded (changes very rarely)

⚬ geographical coordinates

⚬ newspapers, textbooks, etc.

⚬ product ID

Dynamic data

likely to change

after it’s recorded

⚬ lists of customers

⚬ inventories

⚬ websites

Database

a set of logically related tables (files) containing an organized collection of

data that is accessible for fast searching and retrieval

Database management systems (DBMS):

The systems that manage a database and

retrieve data for a user. Popular systems include Oracle, MySQL, SQL Server, and

Access.

Queries

requests for data - requested data is displayed or sent to a new table or

report

Querying languages:

Queries are written in a querying language unique to the DBMS.

An example of a commonly used querying language is Structured Query Language

Schema

a logical diagram of a database’s structure and organization.

￭ depicts relationships between tables

￭ blueprint for database administrators

￭ a guide for users who access the database

Database scaleability

the capability of a database to manage increasing demands

Production database

connected to an IS and updates “live” as a transaction is

processed

Data Lake

Data in its raw format—before it’s cleaned, aggregated, or filtered

• designed to contain all of a company’s data (even if its purpose is not known yet)

Data Warehouse

designed specifically for reporting and data analysis

• store historical data that’s structured into related

tables with predefined schema

data mart

a subset of a data warehouse that is

designed for a specific business function. A

department uses a data mart for its individual

reporting needs

big data

extremely large

and complex data sets