Biology Cells

What is the fundamental unit of life?

The cell.

What is the process by which plants make their food?

Photosynthesis.

What is the genetic material in cells?

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid).

What is the powerhouse of the cell?

Mitochondria.

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Protein synthesis.

What is the term for organisms that can make their own food?

Autotrophs.

What process do cells undergo to divide?

Cell division.

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

To produce two identical daughter cells.

What is the term for a change in DNA sequence?

Mutation.

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids.

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

What is homeostasis?

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism.

What is the term for a group of similar cells that perform a specific function?

Tissue.

What organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins?

Golgi apparatus.

What is natural selection?

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

What is the role of chlorophyll?

To absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

What type of bond connects the base pairs in a DNA molecule?

Hydrogen bonds.

What is the basic function of the nervous system?

To transmit signals throughout the body.

What is an ecosystem?

A community of living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a system.

What is biodiversity?

The variety of life in the world or in a specific habitat.

What is the main component of a cell membrane?

Phospholipids.

What structure controls the entry and exit of substances in a cell?

Cell membrane.

What is the jelly-like substance inside a cell called?

Cytoplasm.

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

To synthesize proteins and lipids.

What organelle is known as the 'suicide bag' of the cell?

Lysosome.

What structure do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

Cell wall.

What is the function of the nucleus?

To house the cell's genetic material.

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

To provide structural support and shape to the cell.

What process do cells use to produce energy?

Cellular respiration.

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

To protect the cell and maintain homeostasis.

What is the role of vesicles in a cell?

To transport materials within the cell.

What is a stem cell?

A cell that can differentiate into various cell types.

What is apoptosis?

Programmed cell death.

What is the function of chloroplasts?

To conduct photosynthesis in plant cells.

What is the significance of the Golgi apparatus?

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.

What are peroxisomes?

Organelles that detoxify harmful substances.

What is the role of the nucleolus?

To produce ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

What is the term for the exchange of genetic material between cells?

Horizontal gene transfer.

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A cell that contains a nucleus and organelles.

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic does not.

What is the purpose of cellular signaling?

To communicate and coordinate activities within and between cells.