theory IV final

Dorian Scale

A minor scale with a raised 6th.

Phrygian Scale

A minor scale with a lowered 2nd.

Lydian Scale

A major scale with a raised 4th.

Mixolydian Scale

A major scale with a lowered 7th.

Major Pentatonic

The scale consisting of Do, Me, Sol, La, Do.

Minor Pentatonic

The scale consisting of Do, Me, Fa, Sol, Ti.

Whole-tone Scale

A 6-note scale made entirely of whole steps.

Octatonic Scale

An 8-note scale consisting of a mixture of whole and half steps.

Blues Scale

Includes the Dorian scale, minor pentatonic, and minor pentatonic with an added note.

Borrowed Harmonies

Chords borrowed from a parallel mode.

Chromatic Mediant

Movement between two chords whose roots are a third apart and are not diatonic.

Altered Dominant

A dominant chord which has been modified by raising or lowering the 5th.

Embellishing Diminished-Seventh Chords

#ii dim7 resolves to I; #iv dim7 resolves to V.

Extended Dominant Harmonies

Includes V9, V13, which must include the 7th of the chord.

Harmonic Sequence

Refers to movements in a circle of 5ths.

Extended Harmonies

Tertian chords that are extended above the 7th.

Resolution of 7th in Extended Harmonies

The 7th goes down

9th Chords

In four voices, includes the 1, 3, 7, and 9.

Resolution of 9th and 13th

Both resolve downward in extended harmonies.

11th Chords

In four voices, the 5th or 9th may be omitted to avoid dissonance.

13th Chords

In four voices, includes 1, 3, 7, 13.

Quartal Harmonies

Chords consisting of stacked 4ths.

Secundal Harmonies

Harmonies based on the interval of a 2nd.

Clusters

Chords consisting of at least three adjacent notes in a scale.

Added-Tone Harmonies

Chords including one or more notes in addition to the basic triad.

Split 3rd Chord

A chord where both the M3 and m3 are present.

Omit 3 Chords

An open 5th chord.

Modal Cadences

Cadences occurring within the mode.

Tritone Substitution

Adding a ______ to the bass line to make it more chromatic in the circle progression.

Phrase Modulation

Modulation at the beginning of a phrase without a connecting tone.

Diatonic Pivot Tone Modulation

Modulation at the beginning of a phrase with a connecting tone.

Diatonic Pivot Chord Modulation

Turning point modulation using a chord that functions in both keys.

Chromatic Pivot Chord Modulation

Involves a chord that functions in both keys but is chromatic.

Diatonic Planing

Same chord inversion with different qualities in the same key.

Chromatic Planing

Same chord inversion and quality regardless of key.

Ostinato

A repeated rhythmic or pitch pattern throughout a piece

Additive Processes

Addition of material to create a larger structure.

Additive Rhythm

additional material through number of pulses or beats

Additive Melody

A motive that is repeated and expanded to lengthen the idea.

Additive Layers

Addition of recognizable material in layers.

Golden Mean

Use of numerical structures in music.

Polyrhythm

Simultaneous use of non-corresponding rhythmic patterns.

Polymeter

Simultaneous use of two or more different meters.

Mixed Meter

Sequential use of different meters in the same piece.

Symmetric Meters

Meters where all beats have the same subdivision.

Asymmetric Meter

Meters where beats have different subdivisions.

Chord Mutation

Gradual change in harmony by altering one or two members.

Linear Harmony

Harmonies generated from chromatic melodic motion.

Tonality

A broad term for music with a tonal center.

Functional Tonality

Music with a tonal center based on major or minor scales.

Non-Functional Tonality

A harmonic style established by means other than function.

Free Tonality

Highly chromatic music with an identified tonal center.

Pandiatonicism

Attempts to equalize the seven tones of the scale without accidentals.

Polytonality (Bitonality)

Simultaneous use of two tonalities.

Bimodality

Use of two modes simultaneously or one mode based on different pitches.

Atonality

Music that lacks identifiable tonal centers.

Verse

Introductory section of a song.

Chorus

Main section of a piece with the primary melody.

Bridge

Circle of 5ths used in this part of a song

Turnaround

A quick circle progression leading to a repeat sign.

Head

The beginning of a jazz tune.

12-Bar Blues Form

4 measures of a, a’ and b; structured around the I, IV, and V chords.

16 Bar Form and 32 Bar Form

Standard forms used in dances and marches.

Rhythm Section

The ensemble of drums, bass, and piano/keys.