ANESTHSIA 2

GA effects on the impact of respiratory system

depressed causing bradypnoea and reduced tidal volume. potential for apnoea. muscle relaxation can also impact the airway, as the tongue can fall back

GA effects on the nervous system

loss of conciousness, depression of CNS, depression of cardio + respiratory centers, suppression of sensation, loss of reflexes, muscle relaxtion

Normal cat ranges; temp, hr, rr

Temp: 38.2-38.6

HR: 1000-200 bpm

RR: 20-30 bpm

Normal rabbit ranges; temp, hr, rr

temp: 38.5-0

hr: 130-325bpm

rr: 30-60 bpm

normal dog ranges: temp, hr, rr

temp: 38.3 - 39.2

hr: 70-140 bpm

rr: 10-30bpm

Capnograph

measures e+co2, attaches to ET tube

ECG

electrocardiogram, monitors electrical activity of the heart, can pick up arrhythmia

sphygmomanometer

inflatable cuff and pressure gauge, used to measure bp

oxygen flowmeter

regulates the flowrate of oxygen

filler port

facilitates refilling of anesthetic agent

control dial

control concentration of anesthetic agent delivered to patient

sodalime canister

contains co2 absorption which filters exhaled co2 and filters out o2 to return to the patient

vaporizer

converts liquid anesthesia to vapor and delivers to patient in controlled concentrations, ensures patient is anesthesied

pressure gauge

shows how much o2 is left in tank, important during anesthesia - no o2 will result in hypoxic

vaporizer chamber

allows you to see how much anesthetic agent is in the vaporizer

vaporizer

stores and converts anesthesia liquids to gas

scavenging system

collects and safely disposes of waste anesthesia gases

oxygen cylinder

contains oxygen in a compressed state, need an o2 supply to sustain life

1 - vaporiser

2 - vaporiser chamber

3 - control dial

4 - filler port

1 - pop off valve

2 - unidirectional inspiration valve

3 - unidirectional expiration valve

4 - resevior bag port

bain circuit, non-rebreathing, 7-15kg

f-piece, rebreathing, over 10kgs

1 - o2 cylinder

2 - pressure gauge

3 - yolk assembly

t-peice, non-rebreathing, under 10kgs

circle circuit - rebreathing, over 10kgs

IPPV

intermittent positive pressure ventilation, manually ventilating a patient

high pressure check

oxygen cylinder, yolk assembly

ADME process

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

responsibility after induction

ensure patent remains in pain free state, monitoring

regional anesthesia

injection on anesthesia into nerve roots to prevent sensation and movement in the area the nerves control - causes large area to be affected

balanced GA

1 - premeds

2 - induction

3 - maintenence

4 - analgesia

aim of anesthesia?

prevent pain awareness and response, restrain and immobilze patient, muscle relaxation, maintain patient safety

general anesthesia

reversible depression of cns, loss of consciousness and immobilized, achived by inhaled gas or IV infusion

medium pressure checks

tubing connections, vaporizer, flowmeter, fresh gas outlet

what is anesthesia

controlled, temporary, reversible

loss of feeling in all or part of the body

with or without loss on consciousness

low pressure check

circuit, reservoir bag, sodalime canister

GA effects on kidneys

reduced renal blood flow, fluid balance alterations

GA effect on the heart

cardiovascular depression, hypotension, bradycardia, reduced cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion

GA effects on the liver

reduced blood flow, slowed drug metabolism, reduced supply of oxygen, risk of liver damage

GA effects on the muscular/skeletal system

muscle relaxtion, loss of reflexes

GA effects on the GI system

reduced GI mobility, post-operative illeus

Local anesthesia

injected/splashed on the site of pain to numb local area, often used along side GA

Medetomidne - df: imidazole

hypotension, sedation, bradycardia, bradypnoea, hypothermia

tidal volume

volume of gax exhaled in one breath

minute volume

volume of air inhaled and exhaled by the patient in 1 min

Total Intravenous Anaesthesia

syringe pump to deliver a constant rate infusion of an induction agent to keep patient under

halothane

inhalation agent - red

isoflurane

inhaltion agent - purple

sevofflurane

inhalation agennt - yellow