A Line Made By Walking by Richard Long-1967 (54-57)

Walking can be both a ____________ but also a _____________ experience

Meditative, or transformative

What did Alfred Barron write regarding the nature of human walking?

“Let a man take to his legs and soon his brain will begin to grow luminous and sparkle”

The Alfred Barton quote in the USAD resource guide is from what book?

“Foot Notes, or Walking as a Fine Art”

Who wrote “Food Notes, or Walking as a Fine Art?”

Alfred Barton

When was “Foot Notes, or Walking as a Fine Art” written?

1875

What is circumambulation?

The act of walking in a circle around a sacred object

How can walking often be built into religious acts?

Walking around religious objects

What 3 shrines are known as examples of circumambulation?

Around Buddhist stupas, the holy Ka’ba in Mecca, and the medieval pilgrimage of Northern Spain

What was the end goal of the Northern Spain pilgrimmage roads?

The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela

Meditating on the movement of the body through or toward holy spaces is intended for what?

Creating a psychological state of reverence that allows the walker to contemplate the divine

The __________ toll of a journey on foot challenges both body and the mind

Repetitive (explanation physical challenges only body—kinda it also affects mind but not as directly—while repetitive nature affects both the feet repetitively doing the motion a in the mind because of the going insane aspect; also its in the guide word for word I don't make the rules 🙂 )

Who suggested that secular walking can become “a method for achieving mindful and open attentiveness to the self and surroundings, causing the walker to reflect on their own place within a large complex world.”

Geographer Yi-Fu Tuan

When was “Line Made by Walking” created?

1967

“Line Made by Walking” intervenes into what countries landscape?

England’s

What questionsd does RIchard Long’s “Line Made by Walking” raise?

Questions about human relations with nature, expressed through the way we walk the land

What “Line Made by Walking” show?

A short whiteish line in a field of scrubby grass and tiny flowers

Roughly how long does the line in Richard Long’s “Line Made by Walking” appear?

30 feet

How is the line in “Line Made by Walking” created?

Walking back and forth across the field until the Walker's feet flattened down the grass enough to change the way it reflects light

The outlines of the line in “Line Made by Walking” appears what?>

To wobble and waver as parts of the grass spring back up

Who created Spiral Jetty?

Robert Smithson

When was SPiral Jetty created?

1970

Where was Spiral Jetty created?

Rozel Point, Great Salt Lake, Utah

For Long what was the only documentation of “Line Made by Walking?”

The photograph

What was the piece itself to Richard Long?

The act of walking back and forth for twenty minutes, and the temporary sculpture produced

“Line Made by Walking” was produced in a London ________

suburb

What critic wrote about an exhibit of Long’s works in 1971?

Caroline Tisdall

What exhibit did Caroline Tisdall write about in 1971?

Long’s exhibit at Whitechapel Gallery in London

What did Caroline Tisdall say in 1971 about Longs work?

“The most transient are the traces left in the grass. They represent the number of times the artist passes over the same spit. The more times, the deeper the trace. The only trace left once the grass straightens will be the photographic record.”

Summarize what Caroline Tisdall wrote about Long’s works.

His most transient was “Line Made by Walking” because after the grass straightens only the pictgureis left

“Line Made by Walking” was important for which two art genres?

Land and conceptual art, specifically which deal with walking as a basic human function and an artistic practice

When did the Land art movement begin?

1960’s and 70s

What did Land Artists often do?

Make physical interventions into the natural environment to change the way the visitor, sees, thinks about, or experiences the space

Why did Land Art often deal with walking by necessity?

The viewer had to move around the site to fully appreciate the artist’s modification of it

What is an example of a work which requires travel on foot to experience?

“Las Vegas Piece”

Who produced “Las Vegas Piece?”

Walter De Maria

When was “Las Vegas Piece” produced?

1969

What was “L:as Vegas Piece?

A sunken path carved into the Tule Desert in Nevada

What did Walter De Maria do in “Las Vegas Piece” to ensure it had to be experienced on foot?

Forbade the work to be photographed from the air

Conceptual Art emerged when?

1960s’-1970’s

Which 2 artistic movements of the mid 20th century emerged around the same time?

Land art and conceptual art

What does conceptual art value?

The PRoduct is less important than the idea (concept)

Conceptual Art was interested in exploring __________ forms, _________________ processes, or “_______”

Repetitive forms, pre-determined processes, or “scripts”

Who described conceptual art as “all of the planning and decisions are made beforehand and the execution is a perfunctory affair. The idea… make the art”

Sol LeWitt

What is Sol LeWitt’s heritage?

American

The dedication to process over result pushed conceptual artist to explore basic acts like what?

Walking

What are some examples of conceptual art works that explored walking?

“Walking in an Exaggerated Manner ARound the Perimeter of a Square,” and “Following Piece”

Who made “Walking in an Exaggerated Manner, Around the Perimeter of a Square?”

Bruce Nauman

Who made “Following Piece?”

Vito Acconci

When was “Walking in an Exaggerated Manner Around the Perimeter of a Square” created?

1967-68

When was Following Piece created?

1969

What was Following Piece?

A work where the artist selected random strangers to follow around NYC

Both “Walking in an Exaggerated Manner….” And “Following Piece” utilized what?

A script to stage walking-related actions

What does Richard Long refer to himself as?

A sculptor

How does RIchard Long’s interpretation of his artworks differ from how they are viewed?

He believes himself to be a sculptor but many of his works are transitory interventions into landscape, which are only permanent as a result of documentary photos, writings, and maps

Where was Richard Long born?

Bristol, England

When was Richard Long born?

1945

What generation was Richard Long a part of?

Britain’s Baby Boom Generation

What types of holidays did Long accompany his parents on as a child?

“Walking holidays'“

When did Richard Long study?

The West of ENgland COllege of Art in Bristol

When did Richard Long first study art?

1962-65

Where did Richard Long study art after his initial studies?

St. Martin’s School of Art

Where was the St. Martin’s School of Art?

London

St. Martin’s School of Art was known as one of the most __________ in postwar Britain

prestigious

When did Richard Long begin studying at the St. Martin’s School of Art?

1966

What course did Richard Long set on at the Martin’s School of Art?

Sculpture

Who dominated the sculpture faculty at St. Martin’s in the 1960’s?

Anthony Caro

What was ANthony Caro known for?

Large-scale works exploring equilibrium and balance, using industrial materials and bright colors

What were some pros about Anthony Caro's teaching?

He was flexible and inspirational and used experimental instructional methods

What did Caro’s fame cause some of his students to do?

Pushback on his teachings

What 3 students exemplify pushback against Anthony Caro’s styles of sculpture?

Richard Long, Hamish Fulton, and Bruce McLean

How did Richard Long, Hamish Fulton, and Bruce McLean’s works oppose Anthony Caro's?

Car’s were often permanent, grandiose, and monumental while theirs were transient and self-deprecating

At what age did Long produce “Line Made by Walking?”

22

Since “Line Made by Walking” where has Richard Long also produced walking related works?

Around the world

Richard Long’s installations often utilzie what materials?

Natural materials like local mud and stones into traditional gallery spaces

What award did Long win in 1989?

The prestigous Turner Prize

What is the Turner Prize awarded to?

The best exhibition of installation in a British Museum or gallery

Richard Long is often discussed as an important pioneer of what movement?

Land Art

Land art is often tied to the emergence of what later movement?

Environmentalist movement

The environmentalist movement focused on what?

Land consevationa dn resource stewardship

Who are the best known pracitoners of Land Art?

Robert SMithson, Nancy Holt, Michael Heizer, Walter de Maria

How did the best known practioners of Land Art differ from the enviromentalist art movement?

They often didn't approach their work with a environmental consciousness

What are some ways that the best known practitioners of Land Art not only didn't approach land environmentally, but actually damaged environments?

Michael Heizer bulldozed land and carved trenches into rock, while Smithson polluted sites with industrial chemicals

What group of Robert SMithson’s works were known to pollute sites with industrial chemicals?

His “pour works”

What is an example of one of Robert SMithson's “pour works?”

“Glue pour”

When was “Glue Pour” produced?

1969

Where did Land Artists often create their works?

The vast open American Southwest

How did the location of Land Artits art overlap with historical events?

In the American Southwest, land modification went along with histories of expansion and Manifest Destiny

How did British land Art specifically differ from that of its America contemporaries?

It was quieter in impact and more limited in scope

What is Dieter Roelstraete’s career?

He Wis an art curator

How did Art Curator Dieter ROelstraete compare American Land Art with British Land art?

“aggressive, macho ethic” of American Land Art with a “culture of humility in the face of nature and landscape” in British Land Art

American Land Art often resulted in what?

Large-scale industrially constructed interventions

Which artists are noted for practicing British Land Art>

Richard Long, Hamish Fulton, and Andy Goldsworthy

Aside from the humble scale and respect for natural materials in “Line Made by Walking” how else does it differ from American Land art?

The history of walking itself is embedded in a Britishness that's important in the works context and meaning

Walking for pleasure in the British Isles dated back to when?

At least the late 18th century

Walking for pleasure in the British Isles was first adopted by who?

Romantic writers who walked as a habit that encouraged self-reflection through bodily and sensory experiences

What did rural areas become associated with as the British economy shifted from land to mercantile and industrial economies?

more tied to modern notions of relaxations and escape from drudgery and less with previous notions of productive labor

As a result of the Industrial Revolution outdoor time became ________ time in Great Britain

Leisure

By what era had rambling clubs organized to challenge ideas of landed gentry owning English countryside?

Victorian Era

What are rambling clubs?

Organizations of mainly working class men who challenged the idea that hereditary landowners “belonged” in the English Countryside

What right did rambling clubs push for?

The right for walkers to pass through private land in the country