cas final

Anti Bias attitude/gender

- Teach antibes attitude to young children and give them the skills they need to challenge sexism

social refencing

- In unfamiliar situations, children look to adults for cues about how they should react/respond
- Children often receive unspoken messages from adults
- Parents can control what their children do, but can't control how they perceive, receive, and react to what they do

appropriate way to deal/cope w feelings

- fear: reassure/validate feelings, playing our fears, model bravery
- Simultaneous feelings: help by labeling feelings

Examples of acceptable/non acceptable ways to express feelings

- Encourage direct verbalization:
- Teach them to use their words - with respect and boundaries
- No name-calling or using obscenities

Labeling effects

- labeling starts in infancy, helps child understand
- labeling some family structures can cause them to be seen as social problems, can cause the kid to be put in a box

Role of failure

- Failure is one of our best feedback devices
- Important for adults to be supportive rather than critical

benefits of block play

- Examine the environment in any child care center
- Dramatic play helps boys be nurture and be comfortable domestically and with emotions
- Block play helps girls with spatial skills, math, physics, and building

Dramatic play:

- helps boys be nurture and be comfortable domestically and with emotions
- taking on the pov of another role

Factors influencing school success:

- home life that determines a child's academic success
- Children must feel protected form physical and psychological harm - maslow
- Their parents set limits
- They teach social skills and define appropriate behavior
- Help children express themselves with leadership and responsibility with respect

susan isaacs advice to parents

- Takes patience to socialize children
- Temper tantrums are normal developmental process and cannot always be avoided
- Better to ignore than become upset by obscenity

Self-esteem definition/how to promote

- Children need guidance and protection
- You can't make a child feel better about themselves by making them feel bad about themselves
- First step is to get rid of: Critical attitudes, Labeling, Name calling
- Comes from early childhood experiences with others

Anti-bias curriculum

- differences should celebrated
- Point them out, be aware that they exist, and do not be afraid to discuss them
- Ask questions when unsure
- Differences relate to privilege and power and carry values

Dimensions of self-esteem

Stanley coopersmith: self-esteem has 4 dimensions
- significance: feelings loved and cared about - that you matter
- Competence: feelings capable, skilled, accomplished
- Power: feelings control over who you are, having an effect on others
- Virtue: feeling like you're a good person

Carol Dweck's growth vs. fixed mindsets:

- growth mindset: some children chose challenging tasks even when they may not be successful, aren't afraid of failure
- fixed mindset: some chose easy tasks even though they may not being pleasure, don't want to fail

Ways boys/girls are dressed for school (meaning associated with it)

- Boys are dressed to play, girls are dresses from show
- Clothes shape gender roles
- Girls in frilly dresses are limited in activities compared to boys

Children who grow up with same-sex parents

- children who grow up in same-sex families don't have a higher chance of being lgbtq
- the children learn the same gender roles

Promoting gender equity:

- Each generation socialized gender roles all steps toward gender equality could disappear if we don't think about how boys//girls are socialized
- Toy stores separate sections into boys/girls areas
- Empowering girls toward gender equity and boys to be gentle and caring

Importance of language:

- Non-gender-specific career titles send clear messages to children that either females/males can fill these roles
- Some titles are already non-gender specific: president, teacher, doctor

Characteristics of successful families:

- All families are imperfect and will have some level of dysfunction
- A successful family functions in healthy ways
- Its supportive nurturing and makes sure everyone's needs are met

Emmy Werner's findings on resilience:

- shown that resilient children possess certain psychological traits that make them successful
- Strong social support network, Early attachment to one individual safeguards them and believes in them
- They also has responsibility thrust on them and were needed by someone else
- Key: balance stressful life events with protective factors

Traditional/Diversity in family structure—different types of families:

- Getting rid of the term "broken family"
- Avoiding stereotypes

Poverty and its effects

- programs that have been shown to make a difference in reducing the effects of poverty on children
- new hope program
- Supplementing income of improvised families also improved academics and behavior
- challenges and obstacles: abuse, neglect, poverty, discrimination, and hardships

Role of stress:

- Stress and be a positive growth factor in the right amount
- can be too much fro one person/family
- It's always best for children to get what they need and be raised by people who care for them with love and stability
- Important to legitimize cultural differences and alternative lifestyles

Reasons for starting kindergarten:

- Kinder is in a category by itself bc it isnt school but isn't preschool either
- Preschool programs include ½ day programs with a focus on parent education and developmentally appropriate practice

National Day Care study:

- 3 variables that influence quality: Group size, caregiver-child ratio, and caregiver qualifications
- accreditation criteria are organized into 4 groups: Children, teaching staff, families and community partnerships, and leadership and administration
- Smaller, self-contained groups are vital to quality

IDEA

- Disabled children are educated to the extent that non-disabled children are

Ways to connect families:

- Important to meet the needs of the families enrolled in any childhood program
- Important to establish a sense of being an individual while incorporating a sense of community for parents
- There should be staff available to interact w children one on one and in small groups

Universal Preschool:

- Nel Noddings
- Believes there should be a caring curriculum from kinder → university
- Caring and kindness should be part of education
- Universal pre-k, Transitional kindergarten (TK)

Inclusion Programs

- Inclusion programs encourage children with disabilities to reach higher levels of achievement
- Individuals with disabilities education act - IDEA
- Individualized education plan - IEP
- Least restrictive environment - LRE
- headstart, children zone

Stroke Pie:

- Strokes are behaviors that show recognition, support, and appreciation
- If you are given than 25% of your support from one person, you are at risk for stroke deprivation if they leave or are unable to support you
- Sometimes a family is so stressed and can't give strokes, we need to get them outside of the home

Women, infants, and children - WIC:

- federally funded nutrition program
- helps ensure that children get the food they need through the prenatal period into 1 yr
- does not reach everyone who is eligible

Reasons for parents needing support:

- Healthy families should be integrated into larger social networks
- Some families make use of community resources, others are more isolated
- Isolation limits role models for children can lead to a sense of hopelessness or child abuse
- Strokes

Challenges facing community resource agencies:

- Factors that determine availability of resources
Funding, some serve certain populations, Some services are inappropriate for family needs, Size of town/city

Examples of resources/support available:

- Childcare programs
- Local hospitals and county health department
- Welfare: TANF
- Job training programs
- Child abuse prevention programs
- Mental health, Substance abuse programs, Support groups

Reasons families do/do not seek support

- Some families give back as much as they receive: volunteers, donations
- Others are not able to do so and don't understand the give-and-take aspects of community living
- Some families find the help they need

Risk factors for healthy development:

- Poverty, lack of health insurance and prenatal care, chronic stress industrial pollution, lack of food, social support, high infant mortality rates - all can set some back
- Readiness means that children must have their basic needs met: food, shelter, health care, security, and family peace

Differences in low SES vs. high SES babies

- Children lives are affected by their families suffering from stressors: Poverty, substance abuse, homelessness
- 9 months of age there are noticeable developmental differences between high and low income babies
- Low-income children are less likely to have access to early childhood programs

Rob Reiner's 1998 Proposition 10 Campaign

- "I am your child" educates parents about the importance of the brain growth in the first 3 yrs of life
- Prop 10 promotes child development in early years

Geoffrey Canada and the Harlem's Children's Zone

- focused on helping low-income African American families in Harlem NY
- Children Zone from conception to college with prenatal acre, parenting classes, infant programs, childcare, elementary → high school

Goals of Head Start program

- 1965 by Johnson administration as a way to keep low-income students from failing kinder
- Provides comprehensive services for preschoolers and their parents
- Early head start serves infants, toddlers, teen moms, and the child
- Benefits for 1 yr in the program last through adulthood