Apush Chapter 25

Jane Addams

Progressive reformer who founded Hull House in Chicago, a settlement house that provided education, childcare, and aid to immigrants and the urban poor.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Feminist writer who argued that women’s economic independence was essential for equality; criticized traditional gender roles.

New Immigration

Wave of immigrants (1880–1920) from southern and eastern Europe (Italians, Jews, Slavs) who differed culturally and religiously from earlier immigrants.

Florence Kelley

Social reformer who fought for child labor laws, workplace safety, and women’s rights; leader in the National Consumers League.

Carrie Chapman Catt

Leader of the women’s suffrage movement who helped secure passage of the 19th Amendment through organized political strategy.

Social Gospel

Religious movement arguing that Christians should work to improve social conditions such as poverty, labor exploitation, and urban problems.

Mary Baker Eddy

Founder of Christian Science, which emphasized spiritual healing and mind over matter.

Megalopolis

A large, continuous urban region formed as cities expand and merge due to industrialization and population growth.

Hull House

Settlement house founded by Jane Addams that provided social services and education to immigrants in urban areas.

Charles Darwin

Scientist whose theory of evolution by natural selection influenced social thought, including Social Darwinism.

Ethnicity

Shared cultural characteristics such as language, religion, and customs that define a group of people.

Modernist

Someone who embraced new scientific, psychological, and philosophical ideas that challenged traditional beliefs.

Booker T. Washington

African American leader who advocated vocational education and economic self-help rather than immediate political equality.

Settlement House

Community centers in poor urban areas that provided services such as education, healthcare, and job training.

Chautauqua Movement

Adult education movement that promoted self-improvement through lectures, music, and literature.

W.E.B Du Bois

African American intellectual who demanded immediate civil rights, higher education, and political equality; co-founder of the NAACP.

Nativism

Anti-immigrant sentiment, especially directed at new immigrants; often based on fear of cultural change.

Morrill Act

Law that granted federal land to states to establish land-grant colleges focused on agriculture and engineering.

William James

Philosopher who promoted pragmatism, the idea that truth is determined by practical results.

Evolution

Theory that species change over time through natural selection.

Comstock Law

Federal law banning the distribution of obscene materials, including birth control information.

Henry George

Economist who proposed a single tax on land to reduce inequality and poverty.

Philanthropy

The act of donating money, time, or recources to promote public welfare.

18th Amendment

Constitutional amendment that established Prohibition, banning the manufacture and sale of alcohol.

Horatio Alger

Author whose novels promoted the idea of rags-to-riches success through hard work and moral behavior.

Pragmatism

Philosophy emphasizing practical solutions and results rather than abstract principles.

Mark Twain

Author and social critic who exposed hypocrisy and corruption in American society; coiner of the term Gilded Age.

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalist reporting that exaggerated stories to sell newspapers and influence public opinion.

American Protective Association

Nativist organization opposed to immigration, especially Catholics.

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Women’s organization that promoted temperance, moral reform, and women’s rights.

Lewis Wallace

Author of Ben-Hur, reflecting moral and religious themes popular during the period.

New Morality

Shift in attitudes toward marriage, and women’s independence during the late 19th century.