SL Biology - Topic 4: Ecology

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13 Terms

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species

a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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population

a group of organisms of the same species living in an area at one time

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genetic drift

the random changes in allele frequencies in a population due to chance

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autotrophs

organisms that synthesize, or produce, their own organic molecules from simple inorganic substances in it’s environment

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heterotrophs

organisms which gain their organic molecules by ingesting the tissues of other organisms.

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consumers

gain their organic molecules by ingesting the tissues of other living or recently dead organisms

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detrivores

gain organic molecules by ingesting the tissues of dead organisms or ingesting animal waste carrying out internal digestion

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saprotrophs

gain organic molecules by ingesting the tissues of dead organisms and waste material, but they secrete enzymes onto their food and digest it externally

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community

multiple populations of different species living and interacting in the same area.

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ecosystem

a community and its interactions with the non-living parts if it’s environment

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decomposition

the process of breaking down the bodies of dead organisms and the waste products of organisms

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peat

compacted partially decomposed plant matter over long amounts of time

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fossilization

the process when animals and plants die in acidic or anaerobic conditions and complete decomposition cannot take place